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This is an index of al lprevious articles in Railmodel Journal. The index is divided into the generheadings listed below. Note that there are five additional indexes of more specific topics.

RAILMODEL JOURNALTOPIC INDEX

NOTE: These catagories are NOT inlcuded:
•Diesel Modeling
•Freight Cars of the Fifties
•Modern Freight Car Modeling
•Layout Tours of Prototype-Based Layouts
•Locomotive Performance Tests
•Passenger Modeling
•Railroad Historical Society addresses
(there are sevenseparate indexs for those categories)

THESE ARE THE TOPIC HEADINGS LISTED BELOW:
(The topics are listed in this order---scroll-down to find the complete index under each topic.)

•Airbrushing & weathering
•Athearn freight car upgrading
•Auto Racks (se Modern Freight Car Modeling)
•Automobile modeling (see vehicles)
•Benchwork, roadbed, track & bridges
•Bridges (see benchwork)
•Canadian freight car modeling (also see Fifties..., and Modern...Indexes)
•Modeling the city
•DCC (Digital Command Control)
•Decal-application (see Airbrushing...)
•Dry transfer appication (see Airbrushing...)
•Diesel Modeling (see separate Diesel Modeling Index, which includes):
One-Detail-At-A-Time
Upgrading HO scale diesels
Upgrading N scale diesels
Diesel models & matching prototypes
“Profiles” of diesel prototypes
•Diesel model performance tests (see Locomotive Performance Index)
•Diesel locomoitve Modeling (see separate index)
•Early Era (1860-1915) Modeling
•Electrical (see Walk-around throttle...& Benchwork...)
•Freight Cars in Context
•Freight Cars of the Fifties (see separate index)
•Freight cars, modern (see separate Modern Freight Cars Index)
FREIGHT CARS:
(These topics are listed in this index)
•Athearn freight car upgrading
•Auto racks (see Modern Indexes)
•Canadian freight cars (see Fifties..., and Modern Indexes)
•Car Spotters Guides (see Fifties..., and Modern Indexes)
•Freight cars in context
•Freight cars of the fifties (and earlier--see separate index))
•Freight train operations (see operations)
•Intermodal modeling (see Fifties..., and Modern Indexes)
•Modern freight car modeling (see separate index)
INDUSTRY MODELING:
•Brick
•Cement
•Dry bulk ( see Cement)
•Dry bulk chemicals (see Tank Cars)
•Dry bulk (see Grain)
•Freight houses, warehouses & team tracks
•Grain
•Industry plans
•Intermodal sites (see Intermodal or Freight houses)
•Milk
•Mining---coal & ore
•Paper (see Pulpwood)
•Plans, for industries
•Pulpwood (& paper)
•Rail/Marine--ferries, docks and intermodal
•Railroad---Locomotive Servicing
•Refrigeration
•Sugar
•Tank car-served---chemical, oil & gas
•Wood (see Pulpwood)
•Intermodal modeling
•Layout design
•Layout Tours--prototype-based (see separate index)
•Layout Tours
•Lightweight benchwork & scenery (see Benchwork...)
•Locomoitves, Diesel (see Diesel Modeling index)
•Locomotive Performance Test Reports (see separate index)
•Locomotives, Steam (see Steam Locomotives)
•N scale, upgrading cars & locomotives
•Operations
•Painting (see Airbrushing..)
•Passenger car modeling
•Passenger car operations (see operations)
•Photographing Models
•Roadbed (see Benchwork...)
•SCENERY:
•Grass-That-Grows
•Tree-building saga
•Scratchbuilding techniques
•Steam locomotives, upgrades & conversions
•Steam locomotive performance tests (see Locomotive Performance)
•Track (see Benchwork...)
•Track Planning (see Layout Design)
•Truck modeling (see Vehicle modeling)
•Vehicle modeling
•Walk-around throttle test reports
•Weathering (see Airbrushing...)

AIRBRUSH &
WEATHERING TECHNIQUES

Weathering with acrylic paints and cotton swabs, by Robert Schleicher, September 1989.
Weathering with conventional paints, December 1989.
Basic airbrush weathering, by Robert Schleicher, December 1989.
Color-matching prototype freight car box car red and similar colors from American Car and Foundry, by Ed Hawkins, Pat Wider and Ray Long, August 1989, April 1990 and June 1990. (These articles are reprinted in the book FREIGHT CAR MODELING, VOL 1, TECHNIQUES.)
Color-matching prototype freight car colors from the Pennsylvania Railroad, by Curt LaRue, Ralph Gutowski and Brady McGuire, November 1990.
Denting and damaging gondolas and hoppers for the “used and abused” look, by Ed Bley and Ralph Gotowski, December 1990.
Painting brick: (1) by prepainting the brick color, then using a “wash” to “Sweep-On” the mortar color and (2) using the “Wipe-On” technique of preparing the mortar color and then adding the brick color, by Robert Schleicher, March 1991.
Decal application, by Richard Hendrickson, April 1991.
Decal application, by Scott Seekins, November, 1991.
Painting and weathering with aerosol cans, by Frank Forrest, February and May 1990, and October 1991.
Dry transfer lettering, by Richard Hendrickson, May 1991.
Basic airbrush selection and spraying techniques, January 1992.
Painting with water-based acrylics, March 1992.
Weathering structures with an airbrush, April 1993.
Painting Design Preservation and Magnuson buildings with paintbrush, June 1993.
Weathering freight cars with powdered pastel chalks, December 1993.
Simulating wood decks on plastic flat cars, April and May 1994.
Weathering freight cars with repainted data markings, June 1994.
Weathering covered hopper cars with genuine cement, July 1994.
Weathering diesel locomotives with powdered pastel chalks, November 1994.
Painting auto racks and automobiles, April and July, 1995.
Simulating separate grabirons & ladder rungs with “shadow painting”, May 1995
Weathering diesels (the Proto 2000 HO scale SD7) with powdered pastel chalks, October 1995.
Contest-winning weathering techniques from the Accurail/Railmodel Journal 1995 weathering
contest, January 1996.
Weathering structure models with powdered pastel chalks, June 1996.
Painting steam locomotives with an airbrush, step-by-step, November 1997.
Weathering steam locomotives to match specific prototypes, step-by-step, November 1997.
Weathering freight cars with artist’s oil colors and techniques, by Mike Budde, December 1997.
Sandblasting for modelers, the best way to prepare brass for paint and to strip paint from plastic, by Richard Hendrickson, September 1998.
Applying modern-era graffiti with drafting pens, by Stephen M. Priest, December 1998.
Painting injection-molded plastic kit buildings to simulate individual bricks, by Dennis V. Blunt, April 1999.
Painting brass caboose models, by Mont Switzer, April 2000.
Painting and weathering open-top auto racks, by Mike Budde, April and May 2000.
Weathering single-sheathed wood box cars, by Scott Seekins, July 2000
Vintage-Dating diesels with pait adn weathering, by Jim Providenza, December 2000.
Simulating rivets with dots airbrush painted onto decal stock, by Bob Rivard, December 2000.
Painting brass cabooses, by Mont Switzer, May 2001.
Weatherign ready-built freight cars, by Frank Jordan, June 2001.
Weathering Kadee ready-built box cars, by Mont Switzer, August 2001.
Weathering covered hopers, by Mike Rose, August 2001.
Stripping paint from plastic models, by Bill Pearce, October 2001.
Weathering Tunel Motor diesels, by Steve Orth, November 2001.
Weathering Railbox box cars, by Mike Budde, February 2002.
Painting brass C&O cabooses, by Mont Switzer, April 2002.
Weathering the Trix UP 4-8-8-4 Big Boy, by Steve Orth, June 2002.
Weathering wood structures, by Bill Wright, March 2004.
Weathering corrugated and standing-seam metal structurds, by Albin Burroughs, June 2004
Simulating weathered wood with styrene, by Albin Burroughs, August 2004
Simulating “see-through” grills on diesels and automboiles, by V. S. Roseman, January 2005
Open” diesel grilles with an airbrush, by Bob Rivard, May 2005
Painting “Stainless” Steel Corrugated Passenger Cars with Alclad, by V.S. Roseman, May 2006
Renumbering 40-foot Box Cars for More Operating Potential, by Robert Schleicher, May 2006
Weathering Modern Cars and Locomotives, Part I: Fade-Through Paint, by Matt Snell, September and October 2006
Weathering Cars and Locomotives, Part III: “Patch” jobs, by Matt Snell, January 2007
Weathering with Graffiti, by Scooter Hovanec, January 2007
Weathering with Graffiti, Part 2, Matching the Style, by Matt Snell, February 2007
Weathering with Graffiti, Part 3, 'Tagging' Specific Cars, by Matt Snell, March 2007
Painting and Weathering Modern Freight Cars, by Bob Rivard, April 2007
Weathering with Graffiti, Part 4, Lineside Structures and Bridges, by Matt Snell, May 2007
Weathering with Graffiti, Part 5, modern freight cars, by Scooter Hovanec, June 2007
Painting, denting and weathering modern Proto 2000 gondolas, by Dave Schroedle, June 2007
Weathering with Graffiti, Part 6, modern freight cars, by Scooter Hovanec, July 2007
Caboose Weathering and Superdetails, by Mont Switzer, November 2007
Weathering Kadee's PS-2 covered hopper, by Mont Switzer, January 2008
Detailing Flat Car Decks on the Walthers 50-foot Bulkhead cars, by Bob Rivard, February 2008
Superdetailing, Step-by-Step, EMD SD40-2 as Soo 773, by Bob Rivard, December 2007
Painting and Weathering Modern Diesels, Step-by-Step, by Bob Rivard, December 2007
Creating the artwork for custom-made decals, by Matt Snell, March 2008

UPGRADING ATHEARN FREIGHT CARS
(The first four-digit number is the Athearn
undecorated kit part number.)
1200, 40-foot single-door steel box car as Pennsy X-37, by Curt LaRue, September 1990.
1200, 40-foot box car underframe upgrading, May 1991.
1200, 40-foot box car kit-conversion to double-door as Pennsy class X-26C, by Tom Meacham, August 1992.
1200, 40-foot single-door box cars, the prototypes and paint and decal information, August 1996.
1200, 1941 AAR 10-foot 6-inch interior height, 40-foot single-door cars with 5/5 Dreadnaught ends, March 1997.
1200, 40-foot box car Westrail Kit upgrades, February 1995.
1285, bay window caboose (as a “Car Spotters Guide”), by Jim Eager, September, October, November and December 1996 and January 1997.
1309, 1941 AAR 10-foot 6-inch interior height, 50-foot double-door cars with 5/5 Dreadnaught ends, by Richard Hendrickson, October 1995 and March 1996.
1336, 50-foot exterior-post box car kit-conversion to double sliding doors, by Bob Rivard, June 1994.
1349, 40-foot flat car upgrading, by Richard Hendrickson, August 1993.
1399, 50-foot piggyback flat car upgrading, by Gregory LaRocca, October 1989.
1399, 50-foot flat car kit-converted into rack cars to transport welded rails, by Ray Meyer, May 1999.
1449, 40-foot pulpwood flat car, kit-conversion to accurate model, by Larry Denton, October 1993.
1520, 62-foot tank car (with walkway removed), by Bob Rivard, August 1992.
1520, 50-foot tank car kit-conversion to 24-foot “beercan” tank cars, by Dennis Lippert, March 1999.
1549, 40-foot chemical (propane) tank car as Skelgas, UTLX, by Frank Hodina, July 1989.
1549, 40-foot chemical tank car as CGTX car, by Rich Gher, November 1993.
1549, 40-foot chemical tank car, seven prototypes, September 1989.
1570, 40-foot single-dome tank car prototypes and kit-conversions for two cars, by Richard Hendrickson, August 1996.
1900, 55-foot ACF CF5250 covered hopper as Honey-mead ACFX 56194, by Bob Rivard, November 1992.
1900, 55-foot ACF CF5250 covered hoppers, prototypes (“Car Spotters Guide” series), by James Eager, November 1994.
1974, 89-foot two-door box car kits, the prototypes (by Scott Chatfield) and kit upgrades (by Mark Ala), January 1994.
1974, 89-foot two-door box car converted to 60-foot car, by Robert Schleicher, February 1990.
1974, 89-foot two-door box cars repainted and weathered by Mike Budde, March 1996.
1985, 89-foot four-door box car as EL 92310, by Terry Stuart, June 1991.
1985, 89-foot four-door box car kit-conversion to exterior-posts, by Mke Budde, Sept. 00
2000, 2015 and 2090, 86-foot container and trailer flat cars, the prototypes, March 1992 and May 1995.
2000, 89-foot flat cars kit-converted into open auto rack cars, by Mike Budde, August 1998.
2025, 40-foot containers prototypes used by OOCL, by David Casdorph, October 1998.
2050, 20-foot containers prototypes used by OOCL, by David Casdorph, October 1998.
2090, 40-foot steel grain-loading box car kit conversion to Santa Fe 22400, March 1991.
5050, 50-foot single-door box car (as a “stand-in”), March 1990.
5050, 50-foot single-door box car (as prototype IC 33682), June 1990.
5070, 50-foot double-door exterior-post (“Railbox”) box cars, the prototypes, February 1992.
5070, 50-foot double-door exterior-post box cars, the prototypes for the IPD an Railbox cars and others, by James Eager, December 1999, January, and February 2000.
5230, 40-foot double-sheathed box cars, the prototypes, by Martin Lofton, February 1994.
5300, PS three-bay 54-foot 4,740-cubic-foot-capacity covered hopper, the prototypes (as a “Car Spotters Guide”), by James Eager, January & July 1991.
5300, PS three-bay 54-foot 4,740-cubic-foot-capacity covered hopper upgrading with wire details, as Union Equity TCAX 60660, by Bob Rivard, May 1996.
5300, PS three-bay, 54-foot, 4,740-cubic-foot-capacity covered hopper repainted as Central Soya PTLX 33793, by W. Terry Stuart, July 1996.
5300, PS three-bay 54-foot 4,740-cubic-foot-capacity covered hopper as Milwaukee GWIX 97802 repaint car, by Mike Rose, October 1997.
5300, PS three-bay, 54-foot, 4,740 cubic-foot capacity covered hopper as Welch Grain 3884991, by Mike Daniels, September 1998.
5300, PS three-bay, 54-foot, 4,740 cubic-foot capacity covered hopper heavily-weathered with rust as PLCX 1634, by Mike Rose, November 1998.
5300, PS three-bay, 54-foot, 4,720-cubic-foot-capacity covered hopper as GCCX71797 (ex-Soo Line), by Mike Rose, September 1999.
5300, PS three-bay, 54-foot, 4,740 cubic-foot capacity covered hopper as CSXT2242653 weathered and decaled from the painted and decorated 5311 kit, by Mike Rose, November 1999.
5300, PS three-bay, 54-foot, 4,740 cubic-foot capacity covered hopper as GATX 50678, by Steve Cerka, December 2002
5360, Wide Vision caboose (as a “Car Spotters Guide”), by Jim Eager, October 1995.
5420, 34-foot two-bay composite hoppers, PROFILE and roster, by Ed Hawkins, December 2000.
5400, 34-foot two-bay offset-side hopper car kit PROFILE and upgrade, by Ed Hawkins, March 1999
5447, 34-foot rib-side hopper, as Pennsy Class H-31, by Ed Bley, July 1991.
5460, 57-foot steel reefer, the prototypes (as a “Car Spotters Guide”), by James Eager, December 1993.
5520, 50-foot exterior-post sliding door box cars as IPD, Railbox and others from the Boxcar boom of the seventies, by Jim Eager, December 1999 and January 2000.
5800, 50-foot exterior-post kit-conversion to MNS car, by Bob Rivard, May 2000.
5800, 50-foot exterior-post box cars as IPD, Railbox and others from the boxcar boom of the seven ties, by Jim Eager, May and June 2000.
5910, five-unit Gunderson “Maxi-3” intermodal well cars, the prototypes, by D. Scott Chatfield, June 1994.

AUTO RACK CARS

PROFILE: Walthers and Schaefer HO scale auto rack cars and their prototype, June 1992.
Auto rack operations, November 1994.
Kit-conversion, HO scale Rock Island auto rack car from Walthers HO scale kit, November 1994.
Micro-train N scale couplers for Con-Cor auto racks, November 1994.
Upgrading Con-Cor’s N scale auto rack with N scale of Nevada etched metal side panels, November 1994.
Painting auto racks and automobiles, April 1995.
Painting trucks and vans for auto racks and backdating Walthers auto rack unloading platforms by Mike Budde, August 1997.
Open-top bi-level and tri-level auto racks in HO scale from Accurail, Custom Rail, Gloor Craft, Walthers and Athearn Kits and parts with prototype and matching model photographs, by Mike Budde, August 1998.
Scratchbuilding open auto racks from wood or styrene on Walthers or Gloor Craft flat cars, by Mike Budde, January 1999.
PROFILE: 89-foot wide-body auto racks, from Walthers HO scale models, by D. Scott Chatfield, October 1999, June 2001and January 2002..
Upgrading Accurail HO scale bi-level and tri-level auto racks, by Mike Budde, April and May 2000.
PROFILE: Thrall articulated auto racks from Walthers O scale models, by James Panza, October 2001.
Screen-Side Open Auto Racks from Accurail & Walthers HO scale kits, by Mike Budde, March and December 2001, and August and November 2003.

BENCHWORK, ROADBED, TRACKWORK & BRIDGES

No More Derailments, using the NMRA gauges to prevent derailments by adjusting clearances on tracks, wheels and drivers, by Robert Schleicher, October 1989.
Building turnouts with printed circuit board ties, by Mike Horner, November 1989.
Weathering track with aerosol cans and bottled paints, January 1990.
Building turnouts, track and roadbed for G gauge outdoor layouts, by Herb Chaudiere, March 1990.
Derail-Proofing and Upgrading Peco and Shinohara (and Walthers) HO scale turnouts, April 1990, by Peter J. Eisle and Gerald W. Reed.
Realistic Right of way, Part I, building realistic ballast shoulders and roadbed shapes with Homasote and plaster. Model templates and prototype cross-sections, by Dan Holbrook and Jeff Lemke, July 1990.
Realistic Right of way, Part II, duplicating track, tie and ballast colors and textures, by Dan Holbrook and Jeff Lemke, August and October 1990.
Realistic Right of way, Part III, duplicating tie and ballast colors, by Dan Holbrook and Jeff Lemke, August and October 1990.
Review of Lima HO scale sectional track with code 83 rail, March 1991.
Upgrading, installing and wiring Peco N scale low-profile rail turnouts, by George Preston, April 1991 (also reprinted in THE JOURNAL OF N SCALE MODELING).
Turnout Construction, Rail-by-Rail. Scratchbuilding turnouts with perfect electrical conductivity in any scale, by Herb Chaudiere, September 1991.
Deck and Plate Girder Bridges, from Micro Engineering HO and N scale and Central Valley HO scale kits, by Thornton Waite, August 1992.
Lightweight Layout Construction, Part I: styrofoam for benchwork and scenery shapes, by Spike McGinty, November 1993.
Weathering track with an airbrush, March 1994.
Layout Lighting for Daylight, Dawn and Night Effects, by Dave and Shirley Rowe, August 1994.
Lightweight Layout Construction, Part II: Using Styrofoam for scenery supports and conventional Hydrocal and paper towels for the surfaces, January 1995.
Lightweight Layout Construction, Part III: Open-grid benchwork with fabricate “hollow-core” 1 x 3 crossmembers, March 1995.
Lightweight Layout Construction, Part IV; Wood I-beam sides and hollow-core beam ends, with Styrofoam insulation foam roadbed supports and scenery, August 1995.
Laying HO scale track with Central Valley’s CVT tie strip, April 1996.
Spine subroadbed and benchwork construction with Homa-Bed or Homasote roadbed, by Bill Neale, January 1998.
Lightweight Layout Construction Part IV; using the Woodland Scenics” “SubTerrain” systems of the expanded-styrofoam to build subroadbed and scenery profile boards, May 1998.
Superdetailing HO scale track with joint bars and superdetailing turnouts with Details West parts, by Dave Davis, June 2000.
Superdetailing track and right-of-way on teh D&H by Tony Steele, Sept. 00.
Modeling track derails, by Dave Davis, Oct. 00
Right-of-Way Modeling: Roadbed, Ballast, Embankments & Weeds, by Ken Patterson, March 2001.
Handlaying turnouts with PC board ties in N scale, by Bill Pearce, Sepember. 2001.
Wiring reversing loops and wyes for DCC operations, by John Palmer, October 2001.
Building ‘dummy’ overhead catenary, by Ken Patterson, November 2001.
Benchwork and track-laying and bridges on Free-mo modules, by GregFuhriman, May 2003
Styrofoam roadbed, the lightweight benchwork alternative, by Robert Schleicher, April 2004.
Modular benchwork for a 2 x 8-foot shelf layouat “With a Future”, by Robert Schleicher, April 2004.
Roadbed, structuresites and dtrackwork for 2 x 8-foot “Layouat with a Future”, by Robert Schleicher, May 2004
Derail-proofing track adn installing Kadee ramps on the 2 x 8-foot “Lyouat with a Future”, by Robert Schleicher, June 2004
“Finer-Flickn’ Switch Machines” and superdetailing turnuts on the 2 x 8-foot “layout with a Future”, by Robert Schleicher, July 2004
Scratchbuilding wood trestles, by Jim Cassidy, July 2004
Superdetailed right-of-way on the 2 x 8-foot “layout with a Future”, by Robert Schleicher, August 2004
Wrap-up and overview of on the 2 x 8-foot “layout with a Future”, by Robert Schleicher, December 2004

Modular design standards for the 20s and 30s HO sclae layout grouop, by David McCanane and Charles Hepperele, August 2004
Simple Signal Systems on Free-Mo modular layouts, by Greg Fuhriman, Februry 2005
Modeling Overhead Catenary on electrified railroads, by V.S. Roseman, Apirl 2005
Simplified Turnouts for Staging Yards, by William Neale, May 2005
Lightweight Thin-ply benchwork, by John White, August 2005
Theater Stage Set Techniques for more layout space, by Kurt E. Mirisch, Sr., October 2005
Portable Layout Construction with built-in staging yards, by Kurt E. Mirisch, Sr., October 2005
Lightweight Thin-Ply “Waffle-Style” benchhwork by the Siping and Switching Society of North Caraolina, Januaray 2006

MODELING CANADIAN FREIGHT CARS

CN392004 70-ton Airslide covered hopper prototype, February 1991.
National Steel Company, 3,800 cubic-foot capacity cylindrical covered hoppers with prototype photos and HO and N scale plans to match C&S Industries N scale or Atlas HO scale kits, November 1991.
National Steel Car Company 59-foot, 4,550 cubic-foot capacity cylindrical covered hopper with prototype photos to match C&S Industries N scale or Car Shops or InterMountain HO scale kits, November 1991.
CP Rail 50-foot double-plug box car in HO scale from McKean, E&C Shops, or InterMountain HO scale kits or Micro-Train N scale models, by Charles Derus, May 1992.
BCR 50-foot double-plug box car in HO scale from McKean, E&C Shops, or InterMountain HO scale kits or Micro-Train N scale models, by Charles Derus, May 1992.
DWP 50-foot double-plug car in HO scale from McKean, E&C Shops, or InterMountain HO scale kits or Micro-Train N scale models, by Charles Derus, July 1992.
CN 50-foot plug-door box car in HO scale from McKean, E&C Shops, or InterMountain HO scale kits or Micro-Trains N scale models, by Charles Derus, July 1992.
CN and AC 40-foot single-sheathed box cars from Accurail HO scale kits, by Richard Hendrickson, February 1993.
CN 40-foot single-door steel box cars from McKean, C&BT or Intermountain Kits with Canadian Railway Model Parts Guild (CPMPG) cast-resin parts, by Stafford Swain, December 1992 and May 1993.
CP 40-foot PS-1 box car prototype photos for InterMountain, Accurail, Walthers, Con-Cor, Cannonball, Model Power, or McKean HO scale kits or Atlas or Micro-Trains N scale models, May 1993 and June 1994.
CN 41-foot flat cars from Tichy’s HO scale kit, by Richard Hendrickson, June 1993.
CP Rail 65-foot stake cars from Model Railroad General Store parts, by Charles Derus, September 1993.
Marine Industries cylindrical covered hopper car kit, by Bob Rivard, April 1994.
CN 40-foot 1929 Standard single-sheathed box cars from Steam Shack’s HO scale kit, by Stafford Swain, June 1994.
CP 50-foot exterior post “waffle side” box car from Walthers HO scale kit, by Doug Fleming,
September 1994.
Canpotex cylindrical covered hopper from InterMountain’s HO scale kit, by Patrick Lawson, May 1995.
CN and CP 70-ton AAR triple hopper prototypes from Stewart’s HO scale kit or Con-Cor’s N scale model, August 1995.
CP and CP Rail 50-foot plug box car in HO scale from McKean, E&C Shops, or InterMountain HO scale kits or Micro-Train N scale models, by Charles Derus, September 1995.
CN “slab side” three-bay covered hopper kit-conversion from Atlas HO scale kits, by Doug Fleming, October 1995.
CP wide vision caboose from AHM, Model Power, Atlas or Athearn HO scale kits, by Rick Johnson, February 1996.
CN 86-foot hi-cube box car from Athearn HO scale or Arnold N scale models, by Mike Budde, March 1996.
BCIT 52-foot Evans double-plug door reefer from atlas HO or N scale kits, by Jim Eager, April 1996.
CN 52-foot gondolas from Westerfield HO scale by Stafford Swain, September 1996.
CN 40-foot all-steel box cars from Accurail, Des Plaines and Sylvan Scale Models kits, by Stafford Swain, Oct. 2000, January and March 2001.
CP Rail 40-foot 70s-era single-door box cars, from InterMountain kits, by Bob Rivard, December 2000.
CP 50-foot newsprint cars from Branchline HO kits, by Bob Rivard, April 2001.
CP Rail 50-foot flat car from Proto 2000 kit, by Frank Jordan, April 2002.
CN ACF 3-bay cylidnrical covered hopper from InterMountain’s kit, by Mike Baker, April 2004.
CP 209720 50-foto x-post waffel box from Walthers kit, by W. Tery Stuart, September 2004
CP Riala 50-foot x-post box car from Sylvan Scale Models kit, by Bob Rivard, Sepptember 2004

CAR SPOTTERS GUIDE

This series of articles, most prepared by Jim Eager, presents specific prototype cars, usually with a roster of all cars built and their buyers and operators. Dozens of other articles, presenting prototypes for specific models, have appeared in “The Journal.” Those articles are indexed on these “Experience — At Your Fingertips” pages as they
apply to specific freight car articles in each issue.
No. 1: Life-Like HO or N scale flat-roof box cars, January 1990.
No. 2: Details West HO scale 50-foot smooth plug door box cars, March 1990.
No. 3: Details West HO scale and Con-Cor N scale 50-foot double-plug door box cars, June 1990.
No. 4: Details West HO scale double-plug door, exterior post, box cars, October 1990.
No. 5: Eastern Car Works/Con-Cor/Walthers HO scale and Atlas N scale 70-ton Airslide covered hoppers (owned by private owners—the railroad-owned cars appeared in No. 8, February 1991), December 1990.
No. 6: Stewart Hobbies HO scale 40-foot three-bay, 14-panel hoppers, January 1991.
No. 7: Athearn HO scale and Precision Masters N scale 4,740-cubic-foot capacity covered hoppers (the similar 4,750-cubic-foot capacity cars from Precision Masters in N scale and InterMountain in HO scale appeared in the July and October 1993 and July 1994 issues), January and July 1991.
No. 8: Eastern Car Works/Con-Cor/Walthers HO scale and Atlas N scale 70-ton Airslide covered hoppers, railroad-owned (the private owner cars appeared in No. 5, December 1990, February 1991.
No. 9: Model Power HO scale cylindrical covered hoppers (similar InterMountain HO scale and Precision Masters N scale cars appeared in the May 1992 and April 1994 issues), November 1991.
No. 10: Precision Masters N scale (and the Walthers HO scale) Greenville-built two-bay
covered hoppers (the similar Trinity-built cars appeared in the June 1993 issue), April 1992.
No. 11: MDC HO Scale 4,700-cubic-foot-capacity grain cars, August and December 1992.
No. 12: Walthers HO scale 53-foot 6-inch Common- wealth cast steel flat cars, December 1992.
No. 13: Walthers HO scale GSC four-bay or “quad” hoppers, January 1993.
No. 14: Walthers HO scale 50-foot FGE plug-door insulated box cars, February and April 1993.
No. 15: Con-Cor HO and N scale 57-foot RPL-class insulated box cars, March and May 1993 and July 1995.
No. 16: Stewart Models HO scale Pennsylvania RR Class H 39 triple-bay hoppers, April and May 1993.
No. 17: Athearn HO scale and MDC (Round-house) N scale 57-foot mechanical refrigerator cars, December 1993, July and September 1995.
No. 18: Walthers HO scale Pullman 4,427-cubic-foot-capacity covered hoppers, February and September 1994 and September 1996.
No. 19: Accurail HO scale three-bay ACF CF4600 Center Flow covered hoppers, May and August 1994, September 1995.
No. 20: McKean HO scale, Micro-Trains and Atlas N scale and Pacific Rail Shops S scale three-bay ACF CF4650 Center Flow covered hoppers, October and December 1994, September 1995.
No. 21: Athearn and Bachmann HO scale, Atlas and Bachmann N scale and Weaver O scale ACF CF5250 four-bay Center Flow covered hoppers, November 1994, September 1995.
No. 22: McKean Models HO scale, Atlas and Bachmann N scale and Lionel O gauge CF2970 and CF2980 two-bay Center Flow covered hoppers, January and August 1995.
No. 23: AAR three-bay, nine-panel hopper cars, from MDC/Roundhouse HO scale kits, June 1995.
No. 24A: International Car wide-vision modern cabooses, from Athearn and Bachmann HO scale and Bachmann N scale models, October 1995.
No. 24B: International Car wide-vision modern cabooses, from Atlas HO scale model, October 1995.
No. 25: E & C Shops HO scale 52-foot, 14-panel smooth-panel and corrugated panel gondolas, November 1995.
No. 26: Thrall 52-foot corrugated side and plain-side gondolas from Walthers HO scale kits, January 1996.
No. 3B: Atlas HO and N and Rail Works N scale 53-foot double-plug door box cars, April 1996.
An update for most of the previous Car Spotters Guides appeared in the November 1993 issue.
No. 28: Bowser or Life-Like HO scale or Life-Like N scale 45-foot, 12-panel, three-bay hopper cars, July 1996.
No. 29: ACF’s CF3510 3-bay Center Flow cylindrical covered hoppers in HO scale from Atlas models and N scale from Delaware Valley models, February and March 1997.
No. 30: Walthers HO scale models of International Car Company bay window cabooses, September and October 1997. Athearn and Walthers HO scale and E-R Models and Model Power N scale models of International Car Company bay window cabooses, October, November and December 1997.

MODELING THE CITY
Midwest Mod-U-Trak’s Chicago industrial modules, April 1990.
City Classics Models HO scale curtain wall-style industrial buildings and their prototypes, May 1990.
Pittsburgh’s produce and freight terminals (photos and description of the prototypes), August 1990.
Steve Kayan’s HO scale multi-story city backdrop scenes, September 1990.
A Railroader’s Story (operating techniques for reduced-size city terminals like Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia), December 1990, May, December 1991, April, August 1993.
Jim Sacco’s 2 x 4-foot HO scale city module “Layout Tour,” June 1991.
Modeling the City, A Compact Track Plan (21/2 x 61/2 feet in HO, 1 x 31/2 in N or 41/2 x 12 feet in O scale), June 1992.
Pour Your Highways and City Streets (with Scale Crete Modeling Compound)—a step-by-step, “easy-way” how-to, August 1992.
Baltimore’s Fells Point city street operations, car float, locomotives and overview, November 1992.
New York’s West Side meat packing plants on the New York Central, as modeled in HO scale by Ron Parisi, December 1992.
The Saint Paul, Minnesota, Water Works in HO scale by Bob Rivard, January 1993.
Stuart Leuthner’s West End City, built from Design Preservation Models HO scale kits and modular wall panels, February 1993.
Painting Design Preservation Models kits and modular wall panels, June 1993.
Fells Point recreated for HO scale as a 7 x 11-foot track plan, October 1993.
Fells Point and San Francisco’s wharf tracks combined in a city scene track plan to fit a 4 x 7-foot area in HO scale, October 1993.
Modular city buildings with clear Plexiglass cores, using Design Preservation HO, N or O scale wall panels, December 1993.
Build a tether-control throttle for switching in complex city scene trackwork, April 1994.
Superdetails to bring any city scene to life, September 1994.
Pittsburgh’s ice storage warehouse, November 1994.
Modeling a small city scene with Design Preservation Models kits, November 1995.
Modeling Chicago in HO scale. A layout tour of Mike Palmiter’s 12 x 27-foot model railroad, January 1996.
Multi-story office buildings from HO scale City Classics kit parts, by Mike Palmiter, May 1996.
Nashua, New Hampshire and the Boston and Maine Railroad on a 2 x 24-foot shelf by Charles Harmantis, August 1997.
Robert Mohr’s N scale city on NTRAK modules, December 1997.
Superdetailing city scenes with fire escapes and other details in HO or N scales, by Vic Smith, October 1998.
Trackwork in the streets and superdetailing tips for N scale, by Bill Denton, September 1999.
Modeling New York City, a layout tour of the S scale Hudson & Harlem Division by Mike Palmiter, November 1999.
Track Plan: Baltimore & Ohio freight terminal in New York City, in 5 x 8-feet for HO scale, or 3 x 5 feet for N scale, by V. S. Roseman, November 1999.
Wall-size billboards for city scenes, by Mike Palmiter, June 2001.
Water towers for rooftop city skylines, by V. S. Roseman, August 2001.
Recreating downtown Chicago in 20 x 52 feet in HO scale by Mike Palmiter, October 2001
Recreating midtown New York City in 20 x 52 feet in HO scale, by Mike Palmiter, Decbmer 2001.
Kit-Converting multi-story downtown strcutres with a special saw table and modualr assembly, by Ken Patterson, March and April 2002.
Philadelphia city scenes by on Jerry Strangarity’s Reading Railroad, December 2004

?DCC (DIGITAL COMMAND CONTROL):
•Selecting True Scale Locomotive Speeds with DCC, by John Palmer, January 2001
•Operations in Locomotive Servicing Areas with DCC, by John Palmer, March 2001
•Multiple-Unit and Locomotive Hostling Operations with DCC, by John Palmer, April 2001.
•’Boomer’ operations made easier with DCC, by John Palmer, June 2001.
•Operations Speed Profiles with DCC, by John Palmer, July 2001.
•Momentum Operations with DCC, by John Palmer, August 2001.
•Reversing loop operations, by John Palmer, October 2001
•Operations speed tables, with DCC, by John Palmer, November 2001
•Easy DCC diesel lighting, by Steve Orth, June and November 2003.
•DCC module set-up and operations, by Ken Patterson, December 2003.
•Installing a sound and lights in steam locomotives, by Steve Orth, January 2004.

Early Era (1860-1915) Modeling:
•Caboose/combine kit-conversion for mixed train operations in HO scale from MDC's 1900-era wood passenger cars by John Swanson, July 1993.
•Building heavyweight Pullmans from MDC's wood-era kits and IHC/Rivarossi 12-1 Pullmans, by V.S. Roseman, June 1998.
•Civil War-era layout design and operations at car ferry ports, by Bernard Kempinski, October 2002.
•1900-Era truss rod box cars from styrene or La Belle or Trout Creek kits, by Robert Schleicher, July 2005

FREIGHT CARS-IN-CONTEXT

Freight yard, Cleveland, Ohio, on the Erie-Lackawanna, summer 1963, by Jim Eager, December 1993.
Yard, Cleveland, Ohio, ca. 1957, in color, June 1989.
Trains, Buffalo, New York, ca. 1937, July 1989.
Yard, Staten Island, New York, ca. 1928, September 1989.
Yard, Buffalo, New York, ca. 1938, September 1989.
Freight, Jalma, California, ca. October 1958, in HO Scale, January 1990.
Freight, Fort Wayne, Indiana, ca. 1958, in color, February 1990.
Yard, Amarillo, Texas, ca. 1954, June 1990.
Reefer yard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 1941, August 1990.
Yard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ca. summer 1929, May 1991.
Maine Central Freight, Brunswick, Maine, August 3, 1966, January 1992.
Train, Bear River Canyon, Utah, June 18, 1950, February 1992.
Yard, Nashville, Tennessee, January 12, 1926, September 1992.
Yard, Toronto, Ontario on the Canadian National, August 1950.
Yard, Cleveland, Ohio freight yard, on the Erie-Lackawanna, summer 1963, by Jim Eager, December 1993.
Yard, Detroit, Michigan, ca. 1895, January 1995.
Yard, Council Bluffs, Nebraska, ca. 1945, January 1996.
Canton Yard (erroneously labeled “Camden Yard”), Baltimore, Maryland, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, circa 1948, by Richard Hendrickson, December 1998.

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE BRICK INDUSTRY

Pomona Terra Cotta kilns and stacks, prototype plans and photos, April 1991.
Prototypes:
Brick-Loading dock, June 1990.
Harbison Walker’s plant and narrow gauge railroad near Mount Union, Pennsylvania, October 1990.
Mount Union’s North American Refractories silica brick works, by Frank Kyper, June 1989, May 1990 and July 1991.
Drain tile Kilns at Deep River, Iowa on the C&NW, by F. Hol Wagner, Jr., May 1991.
Plans and manufacturing operations at the Delaware Brick Works, October 1991.
Models:
Mr. Plaster HO scale brick kilns and stacks, by Howard Zane, September 1990.
Scratchbuilding with Holgate and Reynolds styrene brick sheets, a technique that can be used to duplicate brick kilns and stacks, December 1990.
Import specialties brick kilns and stacks, by Steve Mayers, January 1991.
Import specialties kilns and stacks on the East Broad Top modular railroad, by Dick Schweiger, Janaury 1991.
Modeling Mount Union’s North American Refractories silica brick works at Mount Union in HO scale, by Doug Taylor, May 1998.

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE AUTO PARTS INDUSTRY
Modeling an auto parts distribution plant, by Daniel Risdon, January 2003

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE CEMENT INDUSTRY

The ACF Two-Bay Covered Hoppers
Step-by-step upgrades for the Eastern Car Works kits and a kit conversion from 1,958-cubic-foot
capacity cars to the 1,790-cubic-foot cars, March and May 1994.
Step-by-step upgrades for Eastern Car Works kits, by Ed Hawkins, March 1991.
Todd Sullivan’s Eastern Car Works kit upgrade, January 1992.
Railroad-owned black cars, April 1991.
Railroad-owned box car red cars, August 1991.
Railroad-owned grey cars, October 1991.
Private-owner cars (not owned by the ACF), December 1991.
Private-owner cars owned by the ACF’s Shipper’s Car Line, January 1992.
The ACF-style cars built by other companies, Part I, March 1994.
Pullman Standard PS-2 Two-Bay Covered Hoppers
Upgrading the MDC cars, July 1990.
Modeling the Pennsylvania Railroad class H34 cars with MDC’s kits, Part I, December 1993.
Modeling the Pennsylvania Railroad class H34 cars with MDC’s kits, Part II, January 1994.
Conrail car with weathering tips, by Mike Rose, September 2001.
Modeling The Structures & Car Movements
Portland Cement’s manufacturing plant plans and prototype photos, May 1992 and May 1993.
Lehigh Cement (photos) and Dundee Cement (photos and plans) and HO scale kits for cement dealers, July 1993.
Arundell-Brooks retail cement plants (photos), November 1992.
Cement dealer near Green Bay, Wisconsin with plans and prototype photos, July 1993.
Cement plant at Glens Falls, New York, prototype plans and photos, May 1992 and May 1993.
Cement plant, Northwestern Portland Cement Company, prototype plans and photos and freight car movements, February 1995.
Cement plant, the Lone Star Portland Cement Company at Santa Cruz, California, prototype plans and photos and freight car movements, May 1995.
Operations at cement plants on Jim Schall’s N scale layout, April 1997.
Lehigh Cement, plans, prototype and model photographs with suggestions for materials, by John Swanson, March 1999.
Ash Grove Cemetn at Inkom, Idaho, prototype photos, track plans and operations, by Ron Ferrel, September 2001.

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE FARMING & CITRUS INDUSTRY
The Citrus Industry at Lodi, California, by Dave Trussell, December 2005
The Farming Industry, by Dave Trussell, April 2006
AVTEX Rayon Fiber Plant, by Richard Daniels, AUgust 2007

INDUSTRY:
FREIGHT HOUSES, WAREHOUSES & TEAM TRACKS
Kit-conversion: freight house from Model Power HO or N scale kits and Pike Stuff and Micro Engineering parts, by Robert Schleicher, July 1989.
Car-spotting operations at freight houses with CNW, UP, Pennsy and Burlington prototypes, July 1989.
Operations inside freight houses, by the PRRH&TS, September 1989.
Pittsburgh's cold storage and reefer facility operations, prototype photos and models, August 1990 and November 1991.
Plans and prototype photos of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad freight house at Fells Point, Maryland, October 1992.
Track plans and operations at the B&O RR Fells Point Terminal, October 1993.
Plans, model and prototype photos for a Heede 2+2 transfer crane/gondola cover lift, by Patrick Lawson, February 1994.
Scratchbuilding the stone and brick warehouses at Exbridge Quay in styrene and poured-plaster, September and November 1993.
Build a brick warehouse or distillery, Gooderham & Worts, from plastic patterns in cast plaster modules, by Ian Wilson, February 1998.
Team track or freight house loading platform operations on the Milwaukee Road, circa 1948, February 1998.
Baltimore & Ohio Freight Yard in New York City, in 5 x 8-feet for HO scale or 3 x 5 feet in N scale, byV. S. Roseman. September 1999.
Team track on the Canadian National circa 1930, near Winnipeg, Manitoba by Stafford Swain, November 2000.
Team track on the Pennsylvania Railroad near Bloomsburg, Pennsyllvania, By John Nawn, March 2001
Team track operations on the CNW, by Keith Kohlmann, June 2002
LCL freight yard stif-leg derrick plans, by Robert Schleicher, December 2002.
Scratchbuilding wood loading ramps,circa 1907 and 1953, by Albin Burroughs, August 2004
Custom-Build any Brick-Wall Industry from Walthers Cornerstone Modulars™ kits, Part 1, Superdetailing by V.S. Roseman, April, July and AUgust 2007
Weathering with Graffiti, Part 4, Lineside Structures and Bridges, by Matt Snell, May 2007

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE GRAIN INDUSTRY

Lee Nichol’s HO scale grain elevators and his modeling techniques, August 1990.
Scratchbuilding a feed mill in styrene plastic with prototype and model photos and diagrams, by Cyril Durrenberger, November 1991.
How the real railroads used grain doors in box cars, November 1990 and September 1992.
Plans for the M.J. Pritchard grain elevator in Minneapolis and how Charles Derus modeled it in HO scale, January 1992 .
A Denver grain elevator, scratchbuilt from wood and styrene in N scale, with prototype and model photos, December 1992 .
Ollie Melhouse’s N scale model of the Minnewauka, North Dakota grain elevator, scratchbuilt from Evergreen styrene sheet and strip, April 1994.
Scratchbuild a feed mill, by Fran Ellison, with notes on the Walthers HO and N scale kits, May 1994.
Using Campbell (or Walthers) grain elevators to simulate the industry (in fall and winter) at New Perris, Maine, February 1995.
How to build modern round-silo grain elevators from PVC pipe in HO scale, March 1996.
How to build modern round-silo grain elevators from PVC pipe in N scale, March 1996.
Hicks Corners Grain dealer, plans and HO scale model, by John Swanson, January 2001.
Modeling the grain indistry, by Dan Holbrook, January 2002.
Modeling Robin Hood Flour Mill, by Keith Kohlmann, December 2002.
Illini Feed, prototype admdoel photos, by John Swanson, March 2003.
Aurora Co-Op prototype ad model photos, by John Swanson, Sept. 03
Three scenes, one site, era-speicfic gain elevators, May 2004
Scratchbuilding modern steel silos adn paltforms, by RObert Schleicher, June 2004
Cooperaative-Plus grain elevataor complex, by John Swanson, October 2004
Modeling the Central Nebraska Co-Op from Scratch or with Walthers kits, by Tom Maladecki and John Swanson, October 2007
Seegers Grain from Walthers kits or scratchbuilding, by John Swanson, December 2007
Eastside Beverage---superdetailing any industrial scene, by Bob Rivard, March 2008

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE INTERMODAL INDUSTRY (see Intermodal...)

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE MILK INDUSTRY

MODELING CREAMERIES:
The H.P. Hood Creamery at New Junction, Maine, plans and prototype photos, March 1990.
Creamery (built of fire brick) and grain elevator at Grand Isle, Vermont, plans and prototype photos, December 1990 and September 1991.
Creamery (built of wood) at Grand Isle, Vermont, plans and prototype photos, March 1991.
H.P. Hood (ex-Turner) creamery at Unity, Maine, plans and prototype photos, April 1998.
nterMountain's "Grand Isle" Creamery Complex, by Bill Wright, September 2005

MODELING MILK CARS:
Boston and Maine combines and milk cars in HO scale from Funaro and Camerlengo kits, by John Nehrich, December 1991.
Pennsylvania Railroad baggage cars in HO scale from Bethlehem Car Works kits by Ralph Gotowski, October 1993.
Private-owner milk cars from Funaro and Camerlengo kits
and brass imports, by John Nehrich, January 1993.
Modeling the Pfaudler steel milk tank cars with InterMountain models, by Robert Schleicher, September 2005
50-Foot Wood Milk Tank Cars from Walthers models, by Robert Schleicher, October 2005
40-Foot Wood Milk Tank Cars, a simple styrene scratchbuild, by Robert Schleicher, November 2005
40-Foot Wood Milk Tank Cars, Kit-Conversion from Walthers model, by V.S. Roseman, December 2005

MILK TRAIN OPERATIONS:
Milk car operations at Hoboken, New Jersey and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 1990.
Milk train operations in the Northeast by John Nehrich, November and December 1991 and January 1993 and April 2006.
Turner Creamery at Richmond, Maine, plans and prototype photo, September 1998.

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE MINES

Plans and prototype photos for the coal tipple at Paint Creek, West Virginia with photos of the HO scale model, November 1989.
Plans and prototype photos for the coal dealer and silos at Saratoga, New York, February 1991.
Plans and prototype photos for the coal dealer and silos at Ballston Spa, New York, March 1992.
Plans and prototype photos for the North Butler Coal Company on the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad, January 1993.
Plans and N scale model photos for a reduced-scale version of the North Butler Coal Company, by Robert Fletcher, January 1993.
Plans and prototype photos for the Consolidation Coal Co. tipple, at Jenkins, Kentucky on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, March 1993.
Plans and prototype photos for the Majestic Coal Company tipple at Majestic, Kentucky on the Norfolk and Western Railway, January 1994 with more information in April 1994.
Plans and prototype photos for the Hayden Coal Company coal mine on the D&RGW standard-gauge mainline near Hayden, Colorado, April 1997.
Plans and prototype photos for the Manchester, Vermont coal dealer’s silos on the Rutland Railroad, March 1998.
Plans and prototype photso for the J.E. Camfield Coal at Mechanicville, New York, by John Nehrich, July 2000
Modeling the Appalacian coke indistry along the New River, by Robert Schleicher, July 2002
Modeling an anthracit mine by Jim Hertzog, July 2003
The Reading Coal Breaker, Scratchbuilding the Strangarity Way, by Jerry Strangarity, December 2006
Trackside Coal Tipples from the prototype, by Bill Neal, January 2008
Trackside Coal Tipples from the prototype, Part 2, by Jim Providenza, February 2008

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE TALCINDUSTRY
Modeling Luzenac America, by John Swanson, February 2003.

INDUSTRY:
INDUSTRY PLANS
Coal Tipple, at Paint Creek, West Virginia: prototype plans and photos and model photos, November 1989.
Coal Dealer and Silos, at Saratoga, New York: prototype plans and photos, February 1991.
Coal Dealer and Silos, Ballston Spa, New York: plans and prototype photos, March 1992.
Sand Processing Plant, at Ottawa, Illinois: prototype photos and plans of the building sites (no side or end views) and track locations, August 1989.
Creamery and Grain Elevator, at Grand Isle, Vermont: the second creamery at Grand Isle, built of fire brick, December 1990 and September 1991.
Creamery, at Grand Isle, Vermont: the original wood buildings, March 1991.
Creamery, at New Junction, Maine: the H.P. Hood Creamery complex plans and prototype photos, March 1990.
Brick and Tile Kilns, Pomona Terra Cotta, April 1991.
Sugar Beet Loader, Great Western Sugar, August 1991.
Sugar Beet Factory, Utah & Idaho Sugar, August 1991.
Brick Factory, Wilkerson & Sons Brick Works, October 1991.
Grain Elevators and Silos, M.J. Pritchard Co., January 1992.
New England Mill, Boot Cotton Mill at Lowell, Massachusetts, July 1992.
Waterfront Freight House, Baltimore, Maryland’s Henderson Wharf freight house on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Fells Point, October 1992.
Carfloat Transfer Bridge, at Baltimore’s Fells Point District on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, November 1992.
Coal Tipple, North Butler Coal Co. on the Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad, January 1993.
Coal Tipple, selectively reduced North Butler Coal Co. Tipple as modeled in N scale by Robert Fletcher, January 1993.
Cement Dealer, near Green Bay, Wisconsin, July 1993.
Cement Factory, at Glen Falls, New York, prototype plans and photos, May 1992 and May 1993.
Coal Tipple, the Consolidation Coal Co. tipple, at Jenkins, Kentucky on the C&O Railroad, March 1993.
Brick Mill Building, the Enterprise Cotton Mill at August, Georgia, August 1993.
Coal Tipple, Majestic Coal Co. at Majestic, Kentucky, on the N&W Railroad, January 1994 with more information in April 1994.
Coil cover transfer crane on the CN, prototype and model photos and plans, February 1994.
Truck Repair Terminal (garage) on the CP Rail system, May 1994.
Grain elevator (the original) at Minnewaukan, N.D.,with model and prototype photos, June 1994.
New England-style brick mill, the Sibley Manufacturing Company, Atlanta, Georgia, plans and prototype photos, September 1994.
Texaco bulk oil depot, model and prototype plans and photos, December 1994.
Cement manufacturing plant, Northwestern Portland Cement Co., prototype photos and plans, February 1995.
Cement Plant, the Lone Star Portland Cement Plant at Santa Cruz, California, May 1995.
Oil Depot, Standard Oil Company at Waterford, California, April 1996.
Oil Dealer Depot, Sand Point, Idaho (article lists site as Cranbrook, British Columbia), plans and prototype photos, August 1996.
Oil Dealer Depot at Phoenix, Arizona. Prototype plans and photos, October 1996.
Hayden Coal Company tipple plans and prototype photos, April 1997.
Oil Standpipe for tank car unloading at oil depots or pipelines, plans and prototype photos and step-by-step scratchbuilding, May 1997.
Dry bulk fertilizer plant, the Peavey facility at Devils Lake, North Dakota, prototype plans, photo and N scale model, July 1997.
Devils Lake, North Dakota Grain Elevator plans, model and prototype photos, by Olaf Melhouse, August 1997.
Manchester, Vermont silo-style coal dealer plans and prototype photos, March 1998.
Turner Creamery at Unity, Maine, plans and prototype photos, April 1998
Hulett Ore Boat Unloader model patterns, model and prototype photos, by Lawson Stevenson, July 1998.
Turner Creamery at Richmond Maine, plans and prototype photos, September 1998.
Nutra Flow Fertilizer plant with prototype photos and plans and HO scale model photos and techniques, by John Swanson, December 1998
Wood River Alfalfa Co. N scale plans, HO scale model and prototype photographs, by John Swanson, February 1999.
Coal Dealer, J. E. Camfield Coal & Oil, Mechanicville, New York, plans and prototype photos, by John Nehrich, July 2000
Hicks Corners Grain, plans, prototype photos and HO model, by John Swanson, Jan. 01
Ore Dock at Allouez, Minnesota on the GN, by Gordon Bossen, February 2001.
Burlington (Colroado & Souuthern) standard gague cattle pens, September 2004
Railraod ice house on the Colordo Midland, January 2005

INDUSTRY:
PULPWOOD: THE CARS AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

Wayne Sidelinger’s HO scale 21/2x8-foot pulpwood plant, based on a North Carolina prototype, appeared in the January 1991 issue.
Prototype pulpwood loading facilities appeared in the October 1989, January 1990 and May 1990 issues, with the Super Wood hardboard plant, at Superior, Wisconsin, in the December 1990 issue and the Diamond Match Company plant at Cloquet, Minnesota, in the January 1991 issue.
Prototype photos and modeling information on pulpwood cars used in the Upper Midwest appeared in the October 1989, January and May 1990 and September 1991 issues.
Modeling a modern pulpwood plant, in Z scale, by Chester Jordan, October 1991.
Pulpwood in the South, Part I: the prototype vee-deck pulpwood bulkhead cars and their operations, by Rhett Coates, October 1993.
Pulpwood in the South, Part II: The cars and operations on the Seaboard Air Line, by Larry Denton, October 1993.
Athearn kit-conversion models and semi-scratchbuilt models of five different Seaboard Air Line bulkhead pulpwood cars, by Larry Denton, October 1993.
Build an HO scale pulpwood loading facility in 6x9 inches, April 1994.
Modeling 62-foot wood chip gondolas (and their prototypes), February 1995.
Modeling Northeastern pulpwood cars in HO scale, by J. Emmons Lancaster, August 1997.
Modeling paper plants in the Northeast, September 1997.
Small indistries served by wood chip cars, by Chris butts, July 2002
Wood chip unloading faciliteis i Mane, by J. Emmons Lancaster, October 2002

INDUSTRY:
MODELING RAIL/MARINE INDUSTRIES
Plans, prototype photos and operations of carfloat transfer bridge at Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, November 1992.
“Two shortlines,” a track plan for 20 x 20 feet in HO scale or 10 x 14 feet in N scale with the Feyn Point Wharf for carfloat staging, by Ed Vondrak, April 1997.
“Walport and East Ridge,” a track plan for 10 x 12 feet in HO scale or 8 x 9 feet in N scale, with the car ferry or carfloat staging operations at Walport, by Ed Vondrak, July 1997.
Operations at the Southern Pacific’s Oakland Mole by Anthony Thompson and Pliny Holt’s N scale model of the “Mole,” January 1998.
Railroad on a Wall; five 1 x 6-foot shelf layouts with carfloat interchange between shelves, by Ed Vondrak, April 1998.
Modeling a rail/marine intermodal terminal with plans for a container-loading crane from dock to ship, by Bernard Kempinski, May 1998.
Modeling Hulett ore-unloading machines in styrene, by Lawson Stevenson, July 1998.
Where to find and how to use aerial “Port Series” photographs to design rail/marine industries and track plans, by Dan Holbrook and John Bauer, August 1998.
Railroad-operated tugboats, from Walthers HO scale kit, by John Teichmoeller, January 1999.
Upgrading Walther’s HO scale carfloats, by Ronald Parisi, April 1999.
Great laeks ore dock adn two freight car ferries with float bridges on NTRAK modules by Eric Meyer, December 2000.
Ore Dock on the GN at Allouez, Minnesota, plans, model and prototype photos, by Gordon Bossen, February 2001.
•Ship-to-rail intermodal yarad in N scale, by Monroe Stewart, November 2002.

INDUSTRY:
Railroad---Locomotive Servicing:
Coaling towers, prototype kit-covnersions for Walthers’ cast-concrete-style kit, by J. Emmons Lancaster, March 2004.
Custom-Build any Brick-Wall Industry from Walthers Cornerstone Modulars™ kits, Part 1, Superdetailing by V.S. Roseman, April, July and AUgust 2007

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY

MODELING THE STRUCTURES:
The H.P. Hood Creamery at New Junction, Maine, plans and prototype photos, March 1990.
Pittsburgh’s cold storage and reefer facility operations, prototype photos and models, August 1990 and November 1991.
Creamery (built of fire brick) and grain elevator at Grand Isle, Vermont, plans and prototype photos, December 1990 and September 1991.
Creamery (built of wood) at Grand Isle, Vermont, plans and prototype photos, March 1991.
H.P. Hood (ex-Turner) creamery at Unity, Maine, plans and prototype photos, April 1998.
Modeling the cold storage warehouses in the abandoned limestone mines of Kansas, prototype photos and model, April 1998.
Cold storage warehouse operations in limestone caves, Part II, by Vince and Louis Griersemer, May 1999.
MODELING MILK CARS:
Boston and Maine combines and milk cars in HO scale from Funaro and Camerlengo kits, by John Nehrich, December 1991.
Pennsylvania Railroad baggage cars in HO scale from Bethlehem Car Works kits, by Ralph Gotowski, October 1993.
Private-owner milk cars from Funaro and Camerlengo kits and brass imports, by John Nehrich, January 1993.
MILK TRAIN OPERATIONS:
Milk car operations at Hoboken, New Jersey and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 1990.
Milk train operations in the Northeast, by John Nehrich, November and December 1991 and January 1993.
Turner Creamery at Richmond, Maine, plans and prototype photo, September 1998.
Upgrading Creative Model Associates and Walthers HO or N scale icing platforms, by Mike Barry an Ken Patterson, April 2000.
Prototype icing platforms on the ATSF, UP, D&RGW, N&W and MP, April 2000.
Eastside Beverage---superdetailing any industrial scene, by Bob Rivard, March 2008

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE STEEL INDUSTRY
Modeling Bethlehem Steel at Sparrows Point, Maryland using Walthers kits, by Bernard Kempinski, Oct. 00
Modeling steel mills,furnaces, and ore docks in HO scale by Lawerence Stevenson, Sept. 01
United States Steel and the Union Railroad in HO by Bob O’Neil, Sept. 03
The Ohio Foundry, a kit-conversion from Railway Design Associate's kits, by Bill Neal, August 2006

INDUSTRY:
MODELING THE SUGAR BEET INDUSTRY
Prototype and model photos, prototype track plans and operations at sugar beet plants and beet loaders in Colorado, February, April & June 1991.
Prototype and model photos, prototype photos, information on sugar beet processing, and railroad operations at sugar beet plants at the Utah & Idaho Co. plant, August 1991.
N scale model, prototype photos model and prototype track plans and operations at the sugar beet plant in Sugar Land, Texas, by Russell Straw, December 1993 and April 2002.
Prototype photos and track plans and railroad operations at the Midwest Sugar Distribution Terminal, La Grange, Illinois, by Rich Gher, May 1996.

INDUSTRY:
MODELING INDUSTRIES SERVED BY TANK CARS
Tank car team track operations (unloading bulk commodities) at Beacon Park Yard (Boston), October 1989.
Modeling the bulk oil dealer at Donaldson, by Frank Ellison, April 1991.
Tank car operations (with molasses loads) at sugar beet plants in Colorado, February, April and June 1991.
Tank car operations (with chemical loads) at the Saint Paul waterworks, by Bob Rivard, January 1993.
Tank car operations (with inbound fuel oil loads) at the Portland Cement Co., Glens Falls, New York, May 1992 and May 1993.
Modeling the Texaco bulk oil dealer (with prototype plans and models) at Devils Lake, North Dakota, December 1994.
Modeling the Standard Oil Co. bulk oil dealer (with prototype plans and models) at Waterford, California, April 1996.
Modeling the Oil Dealer Depot at Cranbrook, British Columbia, prototype photo and plans, August 1996.
Plans and prototype photos for Christie Oil Company, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1996.
NCRA Refinery in N scale, by Buzz Lenander, November 1996.
Modeling oil refineries with flow charts and maps, November 1996.
Modeling oil depots using modified Walthers kits in HO, N or O scales, January 1997.
Operations at prototype oil dealer depots, by Arthur Mitchell, March 1997.
Chain link fences for HO scale oil dealer depots and other industries, by Robert Schleicher, April 1997
Scratchbuild an oil standpipe with step-by-step techniques, prototype photos and plans, by Robert Schleicher, May 1997.
Oil tank trucks for oil depots, June 1997.
Oil dealer/service station, a prototype for a service station with its own rail-served tanks, September 1998.
Building gas holding tanks from card in HO, N, S or O scale, by Mike Palmiter, November 1998.
Model a gas works at Raacine, Wisconsin, by Keith Kohlmann, May 2002
Modern propane dealer facilities, by Bill Onorato, November 2002.
Oil Depots, era-by-era, by Bill Onorato, December 2002.

INTERMODAL MODELING: RAILROAD CARS

50-foot piggyback flat cars and trailer prototype photos, with model and decal sources, in color, July and September 1989.
Athearn HO scale 50-foot piggyback flat car and 24-foot trailer upgrade to match B&O prototype, October 1989.
B&O 53-foot 6-inch flat cars and 24 and 33-foot trailer photos and equipment diagrams, October 1989.
Prototype photo of sixties-era Pennsylvania Railroad piggyback train of 75-foot Bethlehem Steel Corp. flat cars, in color, January 1990.
Thrall (A-Line HO and Walthers N and HO) and Gunderson double stacks (A-Line HO and DeLuxe Innovations N), April 1990.
Prototype photos and roster of 75-foot Bethlehem Steel Corp. flat cars to match Walthers HO scale kits, April 1990.
Athearn and A-Line containers and trailers and Athearn flat cars as modeled in HO scale by Robert Rogers, September 1991.
Roadrailer Mark IV rail/highway trailer kit conversion in HO scale from McKean kits, October 1991.
Kit-conversion: Baltimore and Ohio class P-35 40-foot intermodal flat cars (circa 1960), from Central Valley flat car kits and modified A-Line, by Greg La Rocca, November 1991.
Athearn HO scale 85-foot TOFC and COFC flat cars and Micro-Trains N scale 89-foot TOFC and COFC flat cars, prototypes and models, March 1992.
Commonwealth Cast Steel (GSI) 53-foot 6-inch flat cars from Walthers HO scale kits (Car Spotters Guide No. 11), December 1992.
Upgrading Walthers Thrall double-stack cars with Plano walkways and converting stand-alone cars into five-unit articulated sets, December 1992.
Athearn, Walthers and A-Line HO scale single-unit
double-stack well cars, prototypes, models, painting and upgrading information, January 1993..
Gunderson Maxi-3 (five-unit) intermodal well cars from Athearn or Con-Cor HO scale models, June 1994.
Derail-proofing Con-Cor’s ‘Fuel-Foiler’ intermodal articulated spine cars, September 1995.
Upgrading Walthers N or HO scale or A-Line HO scale Thrall intermodal well cars with Gold Medal Models (N scale) or Plano (HO scale) etched-metal walkways, steps and grabirons, June 1996.
Upgrading Con-Cor spine cars to match 10-Pack articulated sets, by Bill Pearace, Nov. 00
Trailer hitches, in HO scale, an introduction, by Jim Panza, May 2001.
Modeling ACF Model A and ACF/TTX A-1 Hitches in HO scale by Jim Panza, July 2001
Modeling ACF 5R and 5C Hitches in HO scale by Jim Panza, September 2001
42-foot NKP PIggyback flat cars from Red Caboose kits, by Mont Switzer, October 2001
Modeling Pullman-Standard LP3, LP4, PP3SA and LP4SA hitches, by Jim Panza, January 2002.
NSC Three-Unit well )stack) cars from Walthers models, by Jim Panza, February 2002.
Modeling Trinity Al-Purpose Spien Car Hitches form Walthers and Detaisl West, by James Panza, July 2002
Modeling ACF 3, 4 and 6 hitches, by Jim Panza, January 2003.
Pennsyvania RR class F30 piggyback flats from Walthers models, by Stan Rydarowicz, September 2004
ATTX 75-Foot Intermodal Flats from Walthers' models, by Mont Switzer, July 2007

?INTERMODAL MODELING: TRAILERS (VANS)

Athearn HO scale 50-foot piggyback flat car and 24-foot trailer upgrade to match B&O prototype, October 1989.
B&O 53-foot 6-inch flat cars and 24 and 33-foot trailer photos and equipment diagrams, October 1989.
Prototype photo of sixties-era Pennsylvania Railroad piggyback train of 75-foot Bethlehem Steel Corp. flat cars, in color, January 1990.
40-foot exterior-post trailers (from Walthers 35-foot HO scale kits) and prototypes for the Walthers 75-foot Bethlehem Steel Corp. flat cars, June 1990.
Athearn and A-Line containers and trailers and Athearn flat cars as modeled in HO scale by Robert Rogers, September 1991.
Roadrailer Mark IV rail/highway trailer kit conversion in HO scale from McKean kits, October 1991.
and matching models in HO scale from A-Line kits, April 1992.
Trucks and trailers in HO scale, from A-Line, Model Power and Aurora kits, May 1992.
J.B. Hunt 53-foot plate wall trailer from A-Line’s HO scale kit, by Brian Kreimendahl, April 1998.
UPS 40-foot drop-frame van from Railpower’s HO scale kit, by Brian Kreimendahl, September 1998.
Modeling the Pines-built 45-foot intermodal trailers in HO or N scale from Atlas Models, by Brian Kreimendahl, November 1998.
Stainless steel 48 and 53-foot utility reefer trailers operated by Stevens Transport from A-Line kits, by Ed McCaslin, December 1998.
XTRA Corporation 45-foot trailers from Atlas HO or N scale models, by Brian Kreimendahl, January 1999.
Roadway Express “ETCS” 28-foot FRP trailers from Rail Power Products HO scale kits, by Ed McCaslin, February 1999.
Modeling the smooth-side and corrugated-side 32-foot trailers of the fifties from stock Sparrows Point Division resin kits and kit-conversions, by Mont Switzer, March 1999.
Great Northern 40-foot flatbed trailers form Lonestar Models HO scale kits, by Duane E. Buck, June 1999.
Maersk vans and containers in HO and N scale, by David Casdorph, August 1999.
Nations Way 28-foot pup trailers from Rail Power Products kits, by Brian Kreimendahl, October 1999.
Stoughton 45-foot intermodal vans from Walthers HO scale kits, prototype photos and decal listings, by Brian Kreimendahl, December 1999.
BNSF 48-foot Pines-built vans from Atlas an Walthers HO scale kits, by Brian Kreimendahl, January 2000.
Wabash National 53-foot DuraPlate trailers from A-Line HO scale kits, by Brian Kreimendahl, February and December 2000.
BN “City” trailers, in HO scale, from Walthers kit, and how to make your decals, by Ed McCaslin and Brian Kreimendahl, June 2000.
48-foot Stoughton contaienrs from Walthers HO scale kits by Brian Kreimendahl, August 2000.
Triple Crown Road Railer trailers in HO, N or O scale, by James Mathews, January 2001.
23-foot 6-inch container chassis, the prototypes for Athearn’s kit, by Brian Kreimendahl, November 2001
40-foot Soo Line van, kit-converted from Con-Cor kits, by Bob Rivard, December 2001

INTERMODAL MODELING: CONTAINERS

Athearn and A-Line containers and trailers and Athearn flat cars as modeled in HO scale by Robert Rogers, September 1991.
20-foot HO scale containers from A-Line kits, with paint and decals for modeling and matching prototypes, April 1994.
MD&W 48-foot containers from Walthers kits, by Brian Kreimendahl, June 1998.
UPS 40-foot drop-frame van from Railpower’s HO scale kit, by Brian Kreimendahl, September 1998.
Maersk vans and containers in HO and N scale, by David Casdorph, August 1999.
48-foot Stoughton contaienrs from Walthers HO scale kits by Brian Kreimendahl, August 2000.
20-foot APL corrugated containers from A-Line HO sclae adn DeLuxe Innovations N sclae kits, by David Casdorph, April 2002.
40-foto APL General Service from A-Line, Athearn adn Walthers kits, by Davaid Casdorph, May 2002
Matson 24-foto container and chassis from Curtis Models kit, by Rob K, Barker, June 2002
•Monon-built 48-foot sheet and post containers from A-Line, Athearn and InterMountain in HO and DeLuxe Innovations in N scale, by Brian Kreimendahl, September and December 2002.
•APL 45, 48 and 53-foot general service adn refrigerated containers from A-Line, Athearn, and Walthers in HO sclae and DeLuxe Innovations and Con-Cor in N sclae, by David Casddorph, October 2002
•APL Conatinaer ROSTER, by David Casdroph, October 2002.
•Jindo 53-foot courrgated steel from Athearn’smodel, by Brian Kreimendahl, June 2003
•Weathering Jindo containers, by Gary Walton, July 2003

INTERMODAL MODELING: TERMINALS & EQUIPMENT

Prototype photos for Walthers HO scale “Piggypacker” trailer-loading crane, August 1989.
Intermodal yard track plan with prototype photos of matching Beacon Park (Boston), Massachusetts, yard on the NYC, October 1989 and August 1989.
Modeling a rail/marine intermodal terminal with plans for a container-loading crane from dock to ship, by Bernard Kempinski, May 1998.
Intermodal Terminal in HO scale on a 2 x 6-foot module, by the Wisconsin & Michigan MRRC, March 2001.
Straddle Carrier Carnes from S-Line’s model, by Brian Kreimendahl, August 2001.
•Ottawa yard tractors in HO from Walthers and N from GHQ and Waltehrs by Dave Davis adn B rian Kreimendahl, November 2002.
••Ship-to-rail intermodal yard in N scale, by Monroe Stewart, November 2002.
Modeling Great Lakes Carferries, by Mark R. Preussler, July 2007

LAYOUT DESIGN & TRACK PLANNING

Most of the articles on layouts already completed in our monthly series “Your Layout, On Tour” include a track diagram that indicates approximately where the track is routed. These plans are intended to give you a general impression of the layout and where the photographs were taken. Few modelers would have identical spaces where they might want to duplicate these layouts exactly. Most of the track plans listed below, however, include the precise locations of curve centers, the locations of turnout points and frogs and the locations of track elevations. All of these locations are necessary to recreate and/or modify a plan in full size to build that model railroad. Some of the articles are discussions of track planning principles that apply to any layout.
Ottawa Silica S and prototype plant photos with both model and prototype track plans, August and September 1989.
Frank Ellison’s town, Donaldson, and its oil depot, November 1990 and April 1991.
B&O on two decks in N scale (4 x 16 feet) or HO scale (5.5 x 29 feet), March and June 1991.
ATSF/BN/D&RGW “Joint Line” on two decks, in HO scale, in 12.75 x 20.5 feet, July and August 1991.
Thurmond, West Virginia, February 1990 and April 1992.
Frank Ellison’s town, Raymondale, with plans and background planning “A Town Is More Than A Station,” May 1992 and April 1993.
Modeling the city, a compact track plan (2.5 x 6.5 feet in HO scale, 1 x 3.5 feet in N scale or 4.5 x 12 feet in O scale, June 1992.
Layout design improvements for existing layouts, a critique of the N scale Cumberland Valley Railroad of Bill and Wayne Reid, by the Reids and Doug Gurin, July 1994.
Jim Providenza’s double-deck Santa Cruz Northern, based on the Western Pacific Railroad, appeared in the December 1991 issue, and articles on the operations on that model railroad appeared in the May and July 1992, May, June and September 1993 and July 1994 issues.
Modeling Minnewaukan, North Dakota, prototype plans circa 1902 and 1970, December 1994.
8 x 9-foot double-deck HO scale layout, the Coquille & Crescent City, by Ed Vondrak, February 1995.
10 x 20-foot track plan for Ed Spiller’s HO scale Vermont-based Danby, Ludlow & Springfield Railroad, April 1995.
10-foot 4-inch x 9-foot 7-inch N scale (adaptable, in the same space to HO scale) shelf layout plan. The Westmont Central, by Ed Vondrak, June 1995.
10-foot 4-inch x 9-foot 7-inch HO scale shelf layout plan, the Auburn & Winchester, by Ed Vondrak, August 1995.
27x47-foot HO scale DM&IR (Missabe Northern) double-deck layout as built and as projected improved version, by Jeff Otto, December 1995.
NTRAK module planning using transition modules and multi-module sets for more realistic scenes, by Kelley Newton, December 1995.
10 x 20-foot track plan for Ed Spiller’s HO scale Vermont-based Danby, Ludlow & Springfield Railroad, April 1995.
10-foot 4-inch x 9-foot 7-inch N scale (adaptable, in the same space to HO scale) shelf layout plan of The Westmont Central, by Ed Vondrak, June 1995.
10-foot 4-inch x 9-foot 7-inch HO scale shelf layout plan, the Auburn & Winchester, by Ed Vondrak, August 1995.
17-foot x 7-foot 6-inch HO scale Modoc Mine Division of the Santa Fe Southwestern, by Ed Vondrak, October 1995.
Using removable and interchangeable structures or dioramas to model different eras on the same layout or module as parts of the “A Change of Scene” series, January 1996.
Modeling specific real railroad scenes on the L&N, as recreated by Michael George in HO scale, February 1996.
Two 10 x 11-foot rooms, HO scale Cedar Falls & Maple Valley, by Ed Vondrak, March 1996.
Turnouts versus sector plates, a pair of 2 x 8-foot switching layouts with the space-saving advantages of the sector plate, by Ed Vondrak, May 1996.
Building racks to transport and store modular layout sections, by the Midwest Valley Modelers, May 1996.
Gifford & Tiosa RR, a bedroom-sized layout for HO or N scale, by Ed Vondrak, August 1996.
Modeling the Norfolk & Western Railroad’s Shenandoah Division in HO scale in a 52 x 94-foot basement, by Jim Brewer, October 1996.
A point-to-point layout with a loop and easy staging for two towns, by Don Coppola, November 1996.
Adapting a prototype oil refinery track plan to an NTRAK module, by Buzz Lenander, November 1996.
“A Change of Scene,” using oil depots to recreate industrial scenes circa 1931, 1946, 1956 and 1966, January 1997.
Modeling the Southern Railway’s “Rathole” division in HO scale, by J.D. Smith, February 1997.
Knightstown and/or Princeton, a single or double-deck shelf layout for 10 x 10 feet in HO or N scale, with sector plate staging yards, by Ed Vondrak, February 1997.
Steel mills, concrete dealers and other heavy industry on portable, modular layouts. The Calypso Yard Railroad, by Phil Baggley, March 1997.
Two shortlines, a dogbone-style walk-in layout for
10 x 14 feet in HO scale, by Ed Vondrak, April 1997.
Adapting N scale modular layouts to NTRAK interfaces on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway’s New River Subdivision, by Bernard Kempinski, August 1996 and May 1997.
“A Change of Scene,” Part IV: Changing locomotives and rolling stock to recreate Hinton, West Virginia as it was on June 15, 1956 and November 15, 1973, May 1997.
Staging tracks on a giant turntable as part of around-the-wall layout designed for 10 x 12 feet in HO scale, the Waldport & East Ridge, by Ed Vondrak, July 1997.
Two decks, no helix, a double-deck layout in HO scale for a 9-foot 7-inch x 11-foot space, October 1997.
12 x 18-foot N scale shelf layout based on the BN and Union Pacific operations in the Coeur d’Alene mountains, December 1997.
“A Change of Scene,” changing eras from July 1945 to July 1974, with locomotives, rolling stock and vehicles on Rick McClellan’s HO scale Frisco Railroad, February 1998.
Modeling real world scenes from the Frisco on Rick McClellan’s HO scale layout, February 1998.
Railroad on a wall; five 1 x 6-foot shelf layouts with carfloat interchange between shelves, by Ed Vondrak, April 1998.
Layout design using specific prototype track arrangements, structures and scenery on Doug Taylor’s HOn3 East Broad Top layout, May 1998.
Modeling from the prototype: recreating scenes along the Burlington Northern in Iowa on Steve Rosnick’s HO scale layout, June 1998.
Modeling the Pennsylvania Railroad’s Sunnyside passenger yard and the Long Island Railroad’s Freight Yard in HO scale, by Nicholas Kalis, July 1998.
Where to find and how to use aerial “Port Series” photographs to design rail/marine industries and track plans, by Dan Holbrook and John Bauer, August 1998.
Modeling the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, with notes on yard operations, in HO scale by Ted Wilks, August 1998.
“A Change of Scene,” Part VI: Temporary changes of season or era, by Gary Hoover, September 1998.
A revisit to modeling the Louisville and Nashville Railroad’s Knoxville and Atlanta Division in HO scale, by Michael George, September 1998.
Modeling midwestern Union Pacific engine terminals on HO scale modules, by Mel Johnson, October 1998.
The Smithfield and Western, a 10 x 10-foot HO scale shelf layout with a second deck of staging reached via a vertical turnout, by Ed Vondrak, November 1998.
The Aberdeen Short Line, a 2 x 7-foot HO scale shelf layout with behind-the-scene staging and rail-marine carfloat staging, by Ed Vondrak, March 1999.
BNSF/CP Rail Joint Line from St. Paul, Minnesota, south, in HO scale, by Mike Soebbing, April 1999.
Modeling the Yosemite Valley Railroad in HO scale in 20 x 20-feet on three decks, By Jack Burgess, January 2000.
Modeling Lodi, California, on the Southern Pacific in HO scale in a 16-foot 6-inch x 8-foot 7-inch area, by Gene Martin, March 2000.
Modeling the Western Pacific’s Feather River Route, circa 1938, by Jim Dias, May 2000.
Modeling the Southern Pacific, from Dunsmuir to Eugene, Oregon in HO scale on three decks in 26 x 61-feet, by Scot Kew, June 2000.
Modeling Canadian National at Grand River in 12 x 12-feet in HO scale by Ian Wilson, September 2000.
oNe TRAK N scale layout module designs and layouts, by Bernard Kempinski, August 2000.
Steel Mill track planning and layout design, by Bernard Kempinski, October 2000.
Elevation as a modeling tool, by Brian Kreimendahl, November 2000.
Free-Mo modular layout design and construction specifications, by Chris Palomarez, January 2001.
Pennsylvania Railroad E & L Branch in HO scale, by Al Buchan, February 2001.
Monon Branch in HO scale in 11 x 12-feet, by Ed Vondrak, March 2001.
Northeast Metropolitan Corridor HO sclae layout on three-decks in 15 x 22-feet, by Ed Vondrak, May 2001.
Staging yard design an operation overview, by Ed Vondrak, March 2002.
Sugar Land, Texas model and prototype plans, by Russell Straw, December 1993 and April 2002.
Modeling Main Street (and 300 carsa and trucks) in 6 x 22-feet, by Vito Larucci, May 2002.
8 x 9-foot track plan with lower deck staging, August 2002
Control Panel design on the Reid brothers Cumberland Valley RR, August 2002.
Civil War-era layout design and operations at car ferry ports, by Bernard Kempinski, October 2002.
Batavia, “Why We Remember the Bativia Club,’ Part I, by Jeff Lemke, December 2003.
11 x 10 1/2-foot shelf-style “Scene-Module” plans, by Robert Schleicher, February 2003.
Feeding a Diorama: 6 x 13 and 5 x 20-foot plans, by Robert Schleicher, March 2003.
Free-mo modular layouts: Glen Frazer on a shelf, by Gregg Fuhriman, April and May 2003.
Layouts that can grow: 4 x 8 and 4 1/2 x 6-foot plans, by Robert Schleicher, April 2003.
Layouts that can grow: 12 x 12-foot multi-layout plan, by Robert Schleicher, May 2003.
7 x 12-foot yard-on-a-shelf, by Robert Schleicher, May 2003.
Layouts that can grow: 10 x 12-foot multi-layut plan, by Robert Schleicher, June 2003.
Layouts that can grow: 12 x 14-foot multi-layut plan, by Robert Schleicher, June 2003.
The Shawnut in 12 x 20 adn 20 x 20-feet from 2 x 4-foot modules, by Robert Schleicher, August 2003
Modeling the Sierra Railway, Part I: the prototype, by Robert Schleicher, September 2003
The Sierra Railway in 12 x 12 or 12 x 20-feet, by Robert Schleicher, October 2003
The N Scale “Master Module” in 6 x 7-Feet (Jamestown, on teh Sierra), by Robert Schleicher, September 2003
The Sierray Railway in N scael in 11 x 11-Feet, by Robert Schleicher, October 2003
Adapting HO sclae track plans to N scale, by Robert Schleicher, October 2003.
Pennsylvania Railroad Clevland, Akron & Cincinnati Line in 15 x 32-feet, by Bill Neale, November 2003.
Sierra Railway on portable modules in 12 x 16-feet in HO scale, by Robert Schleicher, December 2003.
Ontario and Western modular layout tour, May 2004
20s and 30s HO scale modular railroad group module plans and standards, by David McCanne and Charles Hepperele, August 2004
Lightweight Thin-ply benchwork, by John White, August 2005
Theater Stage Set Techniques for more layout space, by Kurt E. Mirisch, Sr., October 2005
Portable Layout Construction with built-in staging yards, by Kurt E. Mirisch, Sr., October 2005
Track Plan: Two-level operations on a 2-foot shelf in a 10 x 10-foot corner, by Ed Vondrak, November 2005
Track Plan: Operate 10 trains on a 4 x 12-foot corner shelf, by Ed Vondrak, December 2005
Lightweight Thin-Ply “Waffle-Style” benchhwork by the Siping and Switching Society of North Caraolina, Januaray 2006
Track Plan: Two-level layout on 2-foot wide shelves in an 11 x 11-foot corner, by Ed Vondrak, January 2006
Track Plan: Branchline layout with interchange on 2-foot wide shelves in a 10 x 10-foot corner, by Ed Vondrak, February 2006
Track Plan: Branchline layout with two interchanges in a 7 x 12-foot corner, by Ed Vondrak, March 2006
Free-Mo 340-Foot Modular Layout get-together, Winslow, Arizona, by Brian Kreimendahl, October 2006
Free-mo Junkyard Module, by Mike Budde, November 2007
Recreating Steubenville, Ohio on the Pennsy, by Bill Neale, December 2007

UPGRADING
N SCALE MODELS

Part I of this series, on upgrading the Atlas or Bachmann PS-2 three-bay covered hoppers with Plano roofwalks and truck-mounted couplers, June 1992.
Part II, on upgrading Atlas (and most other brands) open-top hoppers with N Scale of Nevada body-mount coupler adapters, November 1992.
Part III, on upgrading Atlas box cars with Plano roofwalks, Micro-Trains steps, brake wheels, wheelsets and body-mount couplers, plus brush-on pastel chalk weathering, February 1993.
Part IV, on upgrading the Precision Masters 54-foot covered hoppers with shaded-in roofwalk details, Micro-Trains brake wheels, wheelsets and couplers, with the Precision Master body-mount coupler adapters, May 1993.
Part V, on upgrading any of the MDC (Roundhouse) 50-foot cars or reefers with Micro-Trains body-mount couplers, brake wheels & wheelsets, July 1993.
Part VI, on upgrading the Atlas or Bachmann 55-foot Center Flow covered hoppers with Micro-Trains body-mount couplers, low-profile wheelsets and brake wheels and Plano etched-metal roofwalks, August 1993.
Part VII, on upgrading Micro-Trains box cars or reefers with body-mounted couplers and (where applicable) Plano etched-metal roofwalks, September 1993.
Part VIII, on installing Micro-Trains couplers on diesel locomotives, October 1993.
Part IX, on upgrading Con-Cor’s extended-vision cupola caboose with Micro-Trains couplers and finer ladders and railings, November 1993. (A conversion with a complete chassis appeared in the July 1994 issue.)
Part X, on upgrading MDC/Roundhouse N scale tank cars with Plano (or Gold Medal Models) etched-metal platforms, ladders and walkways with Micro-Trains steps and low-profile wheelsets, February 1994.
Part XI, on upgrading Micro-Trains flat cars or gondolas with body-mounted couplers, low-profile wheelsets and simulated wood-grain decks, May 1994.
Part XII, on upgrading Con-Cor extended-vision cabooses with Micro-Trains chassis, couplers and ladders, July 1994. (A similar conversion, with only new ladders, wheelsets and couplers, appeared in the February 1993 issue.)
Part XIII, on upgrading Bachmann’s extended-vision caboose with Micro-Trains caboose chassis trucks, couplers and ladders, September 1994.
Part XIV, on upgrading the Bachmann four-wheel caboose with Micro-Train couplers and (an optional) new body, October 1994.
Part XV, on upgrading the Con-Cor auto rack cars with etched-metal side panels and Micro-Trains trucks and couplers, November 1994.
Part XVI, upgrading Atlas or Micro-Trains two-bay Center Flow CF2980 covered hopper cars with body-mounted couplers, etched-metal roofwalks and new wheelsets, January 1995.
Upgrading N scale freight cars with inked-on shadows to make molded-on grabirons and ladders appear to be separate wire parts, April 1995.
Part XVII, upgrading Atlas 50-foot FGE box cars with etched-metal steps, platforms, brake wheels and Micro-Trains couplers, June 1995.
Part XVIII, upgrading Atlas PS-2 two-bay covered hoppers with Gold Medal Models roofwalks, Micro-Trains couplers and weathering, August 1995.
Note: Parts I through IX of this series also appeared in the book, The Journal of N Scale Modeling.
Adding shadow details to simulate wire grabirons and ladders on 40-foot box cars, August 1995.
Derail-proofing Con-Cor’s ‘Fuel Foiler’ intermodal articulated spine cars, September 1995.
Upgrading Atlas, Delaware Valley or Bachmann covered hoppers with wire handrails and end supports, November 1995.
Correct-scale handrails and stanchions, the easy way, for any N scale diesel locomotive, by Bill Pearce, February 1996.
Adding roof hatch detail to Atlas, Delaware Valley or Bachmann covered hoppers, May 1996.
Converting the Kato SD40 and Bachmann or Con-Cor SD40-2 into Canadian wide-cab diesels, by Michael Livingston, May 1996.
Upgrading Walthers N scale Thrall intermodal well cars with Gold Medal Models etched-metal walkways, steps and grabirons, June 1996.
Upgrading MDC/Roundhouse three-bay rib-side and offset-side hoppers with lowered bodies and Micro-Trains couplers, August 1997.
Upgrading Kato USRA Heavy 2-8-2 locomotives to match Southern and Burlington prototypes, October and November 1997.
Modeling the Pennsylvania Railroad L-1 2-8-2 with GHQ’s cast-metal conversion kit for Kato’s Mikado, June 1998.
Upgrading Kato’s factory-painted GE C44-9W diesel with details and new decals, by Bill Pearce, July 1998.
Upgrading Model Power 40-foot box cars to duplicate 1920-1923 AAR 40-foot single-door box cars, by Keith Kohlmann, August 1998.
Upgrade Kato’s GE Dash 9-44CW to match BNSF prototypes, by Buzz Lenander, September 1998.
Upgrade InterMountain’s PFE R-40-23 reefers, by Keith Kohlmann, September 1998.
Upgrade Life-Like or Kato SD7 to match the Union Pacific’s “Laramie Switcher”, by Bill Pearce, October 1998.
Upgrade E-R Models and Model Power bay window cabooses with Micro-Trains ladders, railings, wheelsets and couplers, January 1999.
Kit-Conversion and upgrade for InterMountain’s 50-foot box car to a Pennsy X-38 car in N scale by Keith Kohlmann, February 1999.
Upgrade Kato’s EMD GP50 to match a Santa Fe prototype, by Bill Pearce, February 1999.
40-foot AAR 1932 box car kit-conversion and upgrades from Model Power reefer models, by Keith Kohlmann, April 1999.
Union Pacific cabooses in N scale from Golden West Models kits, by Bill Pearce, May 1999.
Milwaukee Road rib-side box cars from Micro-Trains or DeLuxe Innovations models, by James R. Nelson, June 1999.
Kit-conversions: 40-foot 1932 AAR box cars from Model Power reefers, by Keith Kohlmann, July 1999.
Body-mount Micro-Trains couplers on lowered cars, by Bill Pearce, October 1999.
Upgrading Atlas SD60 diesels, with wire handrails, to match Union Pacific prototypes, by Bill Pearce, December 1999.

Upgrading MDC three-bay panel-side hoppers, by Scott Seekins, January 2000.
Streamlined passenger cars from American Model Builders, American Models Limited and Brass Car Sides parts, by Bill Pearce, February and March 2000.
Upgrading Atlas SD60M diesels, with wire handrails, to match Union Pacific prototypes, by Bill Pearce, April 2000
Kit-converting Atlas GP30 models into GP30B, by Bill Pearce, May 2000.
Crushed-automobile scrap loads for gondolas, by keith Kohlmann, June 2000.
Upgrading and weathering Walthers 50-foot single-sheathed box cars, by Scott Seekins, July 2000
Upgrading Con-Cor intermodal spine cars to match 10-Pack prototypes, by Bill Pearce, Nov. 00
Upgrading Micro-Trains 50-foot Pennsy round-roof box cars, by Keith Kohlmann, January 2001
Upgrading Micro-Trains 50-foot X-Post box cars with waflel sides, by Keith Kohlmann, January 2001
Superdetailing Micro-Trains 50-foot gondolas, by Keith Kohlmann, February 2001.
Superdetailing Con-Cor Bi-Level cars to match CNW prototypes, by Keith Kohlmann, May 2001.
Upgrading Model Power g40-foot gondolas, by Keith Kohlmann, June 01.
Welded rail on 8 MNicro-Trains flat cars, by DonASugustine, February 2002.
Micro-Trains flats with wrecked MDC gondola loads, by Keith Kohlmann, October 2002.
CNW “Purina” 50-foot box car from Atlas model, by Keith Kohlmann, January 2003.
Lumber loads for N scale flats, by Keith Kohlmann, February 2003.
Greenville 50-foot corrugated-side gondola from LBF’s 65-foot model, by Keith Kohlmann, January 2005

OPERATIONS FOR MODEL
RAILROADERS

New Age Operations Series: Jeff Lemke’s series began in the November 1989 issue with “State-Of-The-Art” models and operations, Part II. “Model or Prototype” on adapting scale operating principles directly from the prototype, March 1990. Part III, “Finescale” Operation—The Human Element” on operations theory and applying that to an interchange, June 1991. Part IV: on operations through an interlocking plant, January 1992. Part V, on safe coupling speeds and other necessary pauses in train movements, January 1994.
The “Rules Class” Series: Dan Thorne (and his advisor Dan Holbrook) apply real railroading terms and movements to model railroading. They are full-time railroad tower workers. Part I, on selecting a timetable to match the era you are modeling. October 1990. Part II, on the definitions used on timetables for model railroaders, November 1990. Part III, on applying basic operating sequences on a timetable, March 1991. Part IV, on operating with timetables, July 1991. Part V, on dispatcher operations, September 1991.
A Railroader’s Story Series: Charles Carangi is squeezing most of the operations at the southern end of the busy Northeastern Seaboard’s “Metropolitan Corridor” into an average-size basement. The railroad is triple-decked and most of the trackage and train lengths have been compressed to a fraction of their size. Still, the freight and passenger train movements in one of the busiest areas of the world are operating in HO scale. Part I of this series appeared in the December 1990 issue, with a basic statement of the principles of compressing mainline operations into minimum spaces. Part II, in the December 1991 issue, explained how major yard operations can be condensed into minimum spaces. Part III, on duplicating the railroad operations at the Aberdeen, Maryland military installation, appeared in the April 1991 issue. Part IV, on the operations at major towers, appeared in the August 1993 issue. Part V, describing the operations at the Ragan, Delaware interlocking tower, appeared in the October 1994 issue. Part VI, describing the operations in the prototype and model yards at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania appeared in the April 1995 issue.
The Realistic Operations Series: Rick Kang, a professional railroader, and Jim Providenza, a nearly full-time model railroader, explain how you can duplicate the operations of helper locomotives on all types of trains, including coal trains and stack trains of intermodal cars. The first article in this series, explaining basic terms, appeared in the May 1992 issue. Information on operating freight trains and staging operations appeared as parts I - IV of “Through Freight” in the July 1992, May, June and September 1993 issue. The first article on operating unit trains appeared in the February 1994 issue, with more information in the January 1995 issue, and an article on the dynamics of trains on grades and curves appeared in the July 1994 issue. An article on helper operations appeared in the January 1995 issue. An article on operations in major yards appeared in the May 1996 issue. An article on Wayfreight Operations with pedlar and local freight trains appeared in the April 1997 issue.

Narrow-Gauge Operations:
Train movements on the D&RGW from Chama to Pagosa Springs, by Harry Sage, April 1992.

Mainline Operations:
Freight traffic and consists through Cache Junction, Utah on the Union Pacific, by Thornton Waite, February 1992.
Operations on the NWP-based Hessell and Lone Pine in HO scale, by Don Cabrall, April 2000
Wayfreight operations on the Canadian National at Grand River in HO scale by Ian Wilson, September 2000.
Dan Hollbrook (and Range Research) Duluth-Superior layout operations, Part I, Nov. 2000.
Helper Opreations on the Reading Railroad’s Shamokin Division, in HO scale, by Jim Hertzog, December 2000.
Selecting True Scale Locomotive Speeds with DCC, by John Palmer, January 2001
Team Track Operations near Bloomsurg, Pennsylvania on The Pennsy, by John Nawn, March 2001.
Operations on the Erie, by Harold Werthweine, January 2002.
Control Panel design on the Reid brothers Cumberland Valley RR, August 2002.
Operations on the Batavia, Illinois club layout, by Jeff Lemke, December 2002.
Union Pacific Extra 4024 East, May 14, 1954 from Lalramie, Wyoming, by Mike Brock, March 2003.
Symbol Freights on the Wabash Railroad's Second Division, by John Young, February 2006

The Operations at Industries Series:
Auto rack car operations and car movements, November 1994.
Box car cleaning operations, January 1991.
Box car movements at freight houses, July and September 1989.
Box car movements at the Fells Point, Maryland freight houses, on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, October and November 1992.
Box car operations at grain elevators using removable grain doors, November 1990 and September 1992.
Box car operations at brick industries, June 1989 and January 1990.
Box car, gondola, covered hopper and tank car operations at Portland Cement Co., Glen Falls, New York, May 1992 and May 1993.
Box car, ore car, gondola and covered hopper operations at the Northwest Portland Cement Company plant, February 1995.
Box car, ore car, gondola and covered hopper operations at the Lone Star Portland Cement plant in Santa Cruz, California, May 1995.
Box car, gondola, tank car and covered hopper operations at sugar beet plants and beet loaders in Colorado, February, April and June 1991.
Box car, gondola and covered hopper operations at sugar beet plants at the Utah and Idaho Co. plant, August 1991.
Box car, gondola and covered hopper operations at the sugar beet plant in Sugar Land, Texas, December 1993.
Box car, gondola and covered hopper operations at the Midwest Sugar Distribution Terminal, La Grange, Illinois, May 1996.
Covered Hopper car operations at cement dealers, July 1993.
Covered hopper car operations at the Ottawa, Illinois sand processing plant, August and September 1989.
Intermodal car operations at Bacon Park Yard (Boston), August 1989.
Milk car and train operations at the Grand Isle, Vermont creamery, December 1990.
Milk car and train operations at creameries in the Northeast, by John Nehrich, October 1990 and November 1991.
Milk car and train operations at creameries on the (HO scale) Atlantic Great Eastern, by Jack Ozanich, October 1992.
Pulpwood car operations at upper Midwest paper & pulpwood plans and loading sites, October 1989, January, May and December 1990.
Pulpwood car operations and car movements at southeastern paper and pulpwood plants, October 1993.
Reefer unloading operations at produce terminals, by William Dorwart, August 1990.
Tank car team track operations (including bulk commodities) at Beacon Park Yard (Boston), October 1989.
Tank car (chemical) operations at the Saint Paul waterworks, by Bob Rivard, January 1993.
Operations on the Northwestern Pacific-based Hessel and Lone Pine, by Don Cabrall, April 2000.
Steel mill opraitons, by Bernard Kempinski, Oct. 2000
Grain indistry operations, by Dan Hollbrook, January 2002
Plastic Pellet plant operations, by D. Scott Chatfield, November 2001
AUto Parts Plant operations, by Daniel Risdon, January 2003.
Switching operations on eh Thomasville module, by Robert Schleicher, March 2004.
Loads-in/Empties-out operations, March 2004.
Lime kiln operations, by Robert Schleicher, March 2004.
Switching Steubenville, Ohio on the Pennsy, by Bill Neale, December 2007.
Blue Flags and DBAs for prototype switching action, by Matt Snell, February 2008

?PASSENGER CAR MODELING

Upgrading heavyweight passenger car underframes in HO scale by Noel Wilson and Bill Darnaby, May 1991.
Boston and Maine combines and milk cars in HO scale from Funaro and Camerlengo kits, by John Nehrich, December 1991.
Pennsylvania Railroad baggage cars in HO scale from Bethlehem Car Works kits by Ralph Gotowski, October 1993.
Modeling Reading Railroad baggage cars in HO scale from Bethlehem Car Works kits, by John R. Green, December 1992.
Private-owner milk cars from Funaro and Camerlengo kits and brass imports, by John Nehrich, January 1993.
HO scale 1909 Wells Fargo express reefer from MDC kit parts by Darrel Taylor, April 1993.
Caboose/combine kit-conversion for mixed train operations in HO scale from MDC's 1900-era wood passenger cars by John Swanson, July 1993.
Duplicating Northern Pacific passenger cars and consists with kit conversions and painting in N scale by Stephen Krauss, January 1995.
Modeling modern streamlined passenger cars in HO scale with American Model Builders sides on Eastern Car Works bodies by Ken Patterson and John Hitzeman, March 1997.
Boston and Maine and Western Maryland coaches from Bethlehem Car Works with etched-metal sides and plastic carbodies, June 1997.
Modeling MU (multiple unit) passenger cars in HO and S scales on the Pennsylvania, Lackawanna, Reading and Illinois Central by Vic Roseman, July and August 1997.
Passenger car "Want List," readers' chance to vote on the cars you want produced as easy-to-build injection-molded plastic kits, December 1997.
Modeling air conditioning underbody details, Parts I & II, by V.S. Roseman, October 1997 and February 1998.
Modeling air conditioning underbody details, Part III, update by Don Valentine, March 1998.
Modeling roof-mounted air conditioning ducts for heavyweight passenger cars, Part IV, by V.S. Roseman, March 1998.
Modeling the Hi-Level “El Capitan” cars on the Santa Fe and on Amtrak from Train Station’s HO scale kits, April 1998.
Modeling Hi-Level passenger trains on the Santa Fe and Amtrak in all eras, by Robert Wright, May 1998.
Building heavyweight Pullmans from MDC’s wood-era kits and IHC/Rivarossi 12-1 Pullmans, by V.S. Roseman, June 1998.
Results of the passenger car kit “Want List” from the survey in the December 1997 issue, September 1998.
Modeling heavyweight duplex cars and lightweight corrugated and smooth-side cars in HO scale from Rivarossi and Con-Cor kits and brass car sides parts, by V. S. Roseman, October 1998.
Updates to Modeling Passenger Cars, by Pat Wider, and by V. S. Roseman, October 1998.
Modeling smooth-side streamlined passenger cars in N scale using the Wheels of Time etched-brass, cast- metal and cast-resin kits, by Bill Pearce, November 1998.
Dome cars and slumbercoaches from IHC/Rivarossi and Con-Cor HO and N scale kits, by V.S. Roseman, May 1999.
Modeling passenger car interiors HO scale using Rivarossi, Pikestuff and Red Cap components, by V. S. Roseman, December 1999.
N scale streamlined passenger cars from American Models, Limited, American Model Builders and Brass Car Sides kits, by Bill Pearce, February and March 2000.
Upgrading the Spectrum, by Bachmann, HO scale 10-2-1 Pullman car, by V. S.
Roseman, April 2000.
Amtrak “Acela” train in HO scale, by Bachmann, December 2000
Budd RDC-2 Rail Diesel Cars, prototypes for the Proto 1000 models, by Louis A. Marre, December 2000.
Superdetailing Con-Cor N scale Bi-Level cars to match CNW prototypes, by Keith Kohlmann, May 2001.
Canadian Pacific coach from Norwest’s HO scale kit, by Russ Pinchbeck, August 2001.
New York Central (and other RRs) single-window coaches, from Branchline HO sclae kits, by Tom Madden, April 2002.
Budd 10-6 Sleepers on the Union Pacific from Walthers kits, by Steve ORth, May and August 2002
Streamlined coaches on the Unon Pacific from American Models, Eastaern Car Works kits, by Steve Orth, August 2002
ACF Baggage/RPO cars on the UP from Train Station Products & Brass Car Sides, by Steve Orth, December 2002.
Pullman Sleepers on the UP from Eastern Car Works kits by Steve Orth, Febaury 2003.
Pennsylvlania RR R50B Express Reefers frm Walthers or Cannonball models, by RIchard Burg, April 2003.
Superdetailing Waltthrs Budd corrugated cars, by V. S. Roseman, May 2003.
Wood coaches from MDC and Rivarossi models, by V. S. Roseman, June 2003
Scratchbulding smooth-side cars with templates and Train Statio Products core kits, by Steve Orth, July 2003
Express box cars, the top ten fleets in HO scale, by Tom Palmer and Mike Spoor, September 2003.
Wabash RR Parlor cars from Rivarosi models, by Stan Rydarowicz, October 2003
Burlington “Nebraska Zerpher” cars and operations, by V. S. Roseman, November 2003
Burlington “Zephyr” skirted-side corrugated streamliners from Waltehrs and Con-Cor kits, by V. S. Roseman, April 2004.
The “City of St. Loouis” in HO from kits and conversions, by Steve Orth, June 2004
Kit-conversion: laser-cut sides on “core” kits, by Steve Orth, July 2004
Upgrading Rivarossi/Walthers Union Pacific passenger cars, by Steve Orth, August 2004
Upgrading Walthers 60-foot ‘heavyweight’ coaches, combines and baggge cars, by V. S. Roseman, September 2004
Prototypes for Brachline’s HO scale Pullman cars, by Tom Madden, October 2004
Scratchbulding styrene sides for Train Station Products core kits, by Steve Orth, November 2004
Upgrading IHC ‘heavyweight’ Pullman cars, by V. S. Roseman, December 2004
Stainless steel corrugated pasenger car history, by V. S. Roseman, January 2005
Harriman Coaches on the UP from Walthers and Branchline kits, by Steve Orth, May 2007
Pennsylvania Railroad Pullman “Keystone Banks” from Rivarossi's model, by Stan Rydarowicz, June 2007
Pullman Corrugated-Side Coach from Palace Car Company's kit, by Mark Malmkar, July 2007
SP Round-End Sleepers from Train Station Products and Brass Car Sides parts, by Steve Orth, AUgust 2007
Creating the artwork for custom-made decals, by Matt Snell, March 2008

PHOTOGRAPHING MODELS
Photographing models, indoors, by V. S. Roseman, December 2000.
Photo flats as zero-space industries, by Bruce Petty, July 2001.

SCENERY:

SHAPING SCENERY:
Scenery shapes and textures on Free-mo modules, by GregFuhriman, August 2003
“Scene Sites” for changing eras or areas, by Robert Schleicher, May 2004
Shaping the scenery with paper towels and Hyrocal, by Robert Schleicher, August 2004
Simple water and streamside details, by Robert Schleicher, October 2004
Real world photomural backdrops, by Robert Schleicher, November 2004
Changing areas with backdrops, by Robert Schleicher, November 2004
A library of “scene Sites”, by Robert Schleicher, December 2004
Building Dinsmore Tunnel, by Bill Neale, October 2005
The Farming Industry, by Dave Trussell, May 2006
Raised Backdrops for Increased Scenery Depth, by V.S. Roseman, Novermber 2007
Free-mo Junkyard Module, by Mike Budde, NOvember 2007
Eastside Beverage---superdetailing any industrial scene, by Bob Rivard, March 2008

GRASS-THAT-GROWS
Fake fur for tall weeds, by Ken Paterson, October 1992.
The British technique using orthopedic surgeon’s plaster cast-lining cotton, by Barry Norman, January 1995.
Sweatshirt material for grass, by Robert Schleicher,January 1995.
Teased-felt fields, the most-realistic weeds and grass, by Robert Schleicher, February 1995
Modeling Cornfields from carpet, by Ken Patterson, June 1995
Litter, Trash & Junk along the right-of-way, by Robert Schleicher, February 2001.
Right-of-Way Modeling: Roadbed, Ballast, Embankments & Weeds, by Ken Patterson, March 2001.
Weeds-By-The-Roll, Busch’s long-fiber flocked grass mats, by Robert Schleicher, August 2001
Surface textures on the 2 x 8-foot “Layout with a Future”, by Robert Schleicher, September 2004

THE TREE-BUILDING SAGA
Building trunks and limbs from wire, October 1990.
Polyfiber limbs and ground foam leaves, November 1990.
Trees, by species, the Harvard Museum’s primeval forest diorama, May 1991.
Building N scale (and background HO scale) tree trunks from wire, the Reids’ way, June 1991.
Trees, by species, the Harvard Museum’s “Second Growth Pine” diorama, July 1991.
Goldenrod and wire tree trunks, for N scale (and background HO scale) trees, the Reid’s way, August 1991.
Trees, by species, the Harvard Museum techniques, Step-By-Step, December 1991.
Trees in context, scene-specific scenery, February 1992.
Modeling maple trees, February 1992.
N scale (and background HO scale), maple, ash, linden and oak trees, May 1992.
N scale (and background HO scale), birch, elm and chestnut trees, July 1992.
Real (Etched-Metal) Leaves for Model Trees, August 1993.
Using the Noch (from Walthers) natural growth trees, January 1994.
Upgrading lichen trees and bushes with ground foam, May 1995.
Using natural growths for living and dead trees, July 1995.
Trees that “grow,” Part II. Modeling trees with trunks made from natural growths, August 1995.
Making N scale trees from rabbitbrush, pigweed and fine sawdust, October 1995.
Modeling specific-species tree trunks from wire rope or cable, tape and putty, by Shirley Rowe, March 1996.
Modeling dead and fallen trees, by Scott Seekins, April 1996.
Trees that “grow,” Part III, using the Noch and Scenic Express Scandinavian weeds to duplicate ash, aspen, beech and birch trees, November 1998.
Trees that “grow, “ Parts IV, using the Noch Scenic Express weeds to duplicate willow trees, November 1999
Trees that “grow,” part V, using the Scenic Express weeds with sagebrush trunks to duplicate and the larger ash, birch, beech and sycamore trees, November 1999
Modeling Palm Trees from Hart of the South kits, by V. S. Roseman, March 2006
Trees, Part I: Prototype Shapes and Textures, by V.S. Roseman, January 2007
Trees, Part II: Twisting Up the Trunk, Branches and Roots, with Individual Leaves, by V.S. Roseman, February 2007
Trees, Part 3: Ready-Made Trunk, Branches and Roots, by V.S. Roseman, March 2007
Trees, Part 4: Adding Individual Leaves from etched-brass, flakes or ground foam, by V.S. Roseman, April 2007

SCRATCHBUILDING

Copying kit parts from larger or smaller scales (for use in your scale) with a photocopy machine, October 1989.
Drilling pin-sized holes, November 1989.
Soldering techniques (for turnouts or any other strip or structural stock), November 1989 and November 1995.
Resin casting in latex molds with assembly techniques, by Al Westerfield, January 1990.
Building structures with balsa wood, April 1990.
“Snap-Out” construction in sheet styrene plastic, July 1990.
“Snap-Out” construction with styrene brick, stone or shingle sheet, December 1990.
Building the Troy, New York station in brick sheet plastic and styrene, January 1991.
How to reduce or enlarge any plan to any scale with a photocopy machine, March 1991.
Compressing prototype structures to fit smaller spaces, September 1991.
Scratchbuilding a Pennsy class G-41A Steel Coil Car in HO scale, September 1991.
Building a metal-sided feed mill from styrene, November 1991.
Tracing plans directly onto styrene sheet using a fluorescent light, steel ruler and hobby knife, December 1991.
M.J. Pritchard grain elevator and silos scratchbuilt from styrene, January 1992.
Using photocopy machines to reduce or enlarge plans to any scale, March 1992.
Scratchbuilding the Thurmond, WV commissary (on the C&O) in HO scale from styrene plastic, March 1992.
Scratchbuilding the steel trestle near Minot, North Dakota using styrene strips, with plans and prototype photos, September 1992.
Scratchbuilding a giant Midwest (Denver, Colorado) grain elevator from styrene in N scale, December 1992.
Scratchbuilding the brick “Cumberland Laundry,” with construction layout diagrams and model photos, December 1992.
Scratchbuilding the Grand Isle Creamery with model photos and plans, June 1993 (more plans and prototype photos, March 1991).
Scratchbuilding brick and stone structures in styrene, some with carved clay surfaces at Exebridge Quay, August, September and November 1993.
Scratchbuilding with Plexiglass interior walls and windows, April 1992 and December 1993.
Scratchbuild a coil transfer crane from styrene strip and sheet, February 1994.
Scratchbuild a steel coil mill from Pike Stuff parts, August 1994.
Scratchbuild Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ice storage warehouse, November 1994.
Scratchbuilt HO scale cement plant and plans for the Northwestern Portland Cement Co. plant, February 1995.
Scratchbuilt CP Rail lineside shed (instrument case) with prototype and model plans and photographs, March 1995.
Scratchbuilt Appalachian coal mine (the Majestic Colliery— from plans in the January 1994 issue), May 1995.
Modeling a 110-foot-tall railroad yard floodlight tower in brass, November 1995.
How-to-build modern round-silo grain elevators from PVC pipe in HO scale, March 1996.
How-to-build modern round-silo grain elevators from PVC pipe in N scale, March 1996.
The “Scribe-’N-Snap” technique for building in sheet styrene, Part I, using photocopy machines for correct-scale plans and back-lighting to trace the plans directly to the styrene, April 1996.
The “Scribe-’N-Snap” technique, part II, snapping out window and door openings and assembling the walls and roof, May 1996.
The “Scribe-’N-Snap” technique, part III, plus methods of cutting styrene quickly and accurately: quick-clip trim and valances from styrene strip, gang-cutting individual ‘boards’ for loading docks, building foundations and roof supports from plastic “scale lumber” and making custom signs from dry transfers and printed materials, June 1996.
Building a tank car unloading standpipe—an “industry” in a square-inch of layout space, May 1997.
Build a brick warehouse or distillery, Gooderham & Worts, from plastic patterns in cast-plaster modules, by Ian Wilson, February 1998.
Modeling Hulett ore-unloading machines in styrene, by Lawson Stevenson, July 1998.
WIndows with scael-size mullions for Walthers, DPM and City Classics kits from sheet plastic by Robert Scheleicher, June 00
Modeling Wickwire Rope from Strathmore board and plywood, by A. Gregory Gutgsello, Jr. November 2000.
Scratchbuilding with the “Scirbe-and-Snap” technique in N scale, the DeVore firehouse, by Bill Pearace, December 2000.
The Alouez ore Dock, on the GN, in N sclae with prototype plans, by Gordon Bossen, February 2001.
De Burce Grain in HO sclae from PVC pipe adn styrene, by John Swanson, April 2002.
Luzenac America talc plant with prototype and model photos, by John Swanson, February 2003.
Aurora Co-Op from pvc pipe and styrene sheet and strips, by John Swanson, September 2003.
Getting started with styrene, build an outhouse, by Bill Wright, January 2004.
Scribe-and-Break Quick-Build: the Thomasville Station, by Bill Wright, February 2004.
Scribe-and-Break Quick-Build Standard-design bunk houses, by Bill Wright, March 2004.
Graian silos from pvc pipe, by Robert Schleicher, June 2004
Platforms for grain elevataors, by Rob ert Schleicher, June 2004
WOod trestles, by Jim Cassidy, July 2004
Wood laoding ramps from styrene or bas wood, by ALbin Burroughs, August 2004
BUrlington (Colorado & SOuthern) Standard gauge cattle pens, by Bill Wright, September 2004
Scratchbuilding RR Yard-Lighting Towers, by V.S. Roseman, April 2006
Scratchbuilding Structures with Cardboard, Wood and Styrene, by Jerry Strangarity, September 2006
Modeling the Central Nebraska Co-Op from Scratch or with Walthers kits, by Tom Maladecki and John Swanson, October 2007
Seegers Grain from Walthers kits or scratchbuilding, by John Swanson, December 2007
Scratchbuilding: Norfolk Southern “Top Gons,” by Mike Baker, November 2007
Scratchbuilding: a 64-wheel Schnabel transformer car, by Mike Baker, November 2007
Build an Engine Terminal, Part I: Scratchbuilding the Roundhouse from Walthers Car Shop & Plastruct styrene, by Steven Ortm January and February 2008
•Scratchbuilding a Virginian low-side gondola in styrene, by Mike Baker, February 2008

MODELING STEAM LOCOMOTIVES
Small 2-8-0 prototype steam locomotives, June 1990.
Kit-conversion: MDC small 2-8-0 with medium-size Mantua boiler to match Colorado Midland 300-class (and similar) prototypes, by Darrell Taylor, January 1990.
Small “pocket” 2-6-6-0 Mallet locomotive prototypes, June 1991.
Kit-conversion: MDC small 2-8-0 with medium-size mantua boiler to match Colorado Midland 300-class (and similar) prototypes, by Darrell Taylor, January 1990.
Upgrade: Mashima can motor installation in Mantua steam locomotives, June 1991.
Can motors from Mantua small steam locomotives, June 1995.
Kit-conversion: Colorado & Southern HOn3 2-8-0 from MDC chassis and Mantua parts, by Robert E. Ottosen, July 1991.
Upgrade: Bowser Pennsylvania Railroad H9 2-8-0 locomotives to match prototypes from other railroads, by Robert E. Ottosen, November 1995.
Medium-size prototype 2-8-0 locomotives that can be modeled with Bowser or MDC/Roundhouse kits, November 1995.
USRA “Heavy” 2-8-2 prototypes for Rivarossi and IHC HO scale models and Kato N scale models, April 1996.
Superdetailing plastic steam locomotives, Part I: how to install an Elesco feedwater heater, boiler front, stack, air pump, air tanks, pilot, trailing truck and other details, by Robert Schleicher, October 1997.
Superdetailing plastic steam locomotives, Part II: tender oil-conversion using IHC’s or MDC’s oil bunkers and sheet styrene, by Robert Schleicher, October 1997.
Superdetailing plastic steam locomotives, Part III: how to install a Worthington feedwater heater, new running boards, tender oil-conversion and other details for Rivarossi’s USRA Heavy 2-8-2, by Art Mitchell, November 1997.
Painting steam locomotives with an airbrush, step-by-step, November 1997.
Weathering steam locomotives to match specific prototypes, step-by-step, November 1997.
Burling